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POPH 192 > Lecture 14: Epidemiology, a population health perspective > Flashcards

Lecture 14: Epidemiology, a population health perspective Flashcards

1
Q

What is Epidemiology?

A

the study of the occurrence and distribution of health-related events, states or processes in specific populations

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2
Q

What is population health?

A

The health outcomes of a group of individuals including the distribution of such outcomes within the group

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3
Q

What is population health not an example of?

A

The health of an individual

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4
Q

What is specific about Maori males/females in terms of life expectancy at birth?

A

It is lower then the respective male/female non-Maori

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5
Q

What is the difference between Maori and and non-Maori in hospitalisation for chronic diseases?

A

It is much higher in Maori

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6
Q

What happened to hospitalisations for serious skin infections across different decile socioeconomic statuses?

A

The number of hospitalisations increased across the higher deciles/lower socioeconomic classes

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7
Q

What happened to the number of people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes across different decile socioeconomic statuses?

A

The number increased across higher deciles/lower socioeconomic classes

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8
Q

What are 2 important patterns of health distribution in New Zealand?

A
  • Ethnicity

- Socioeconomic status

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9
Q

What has happened to the number of Maori people living in high deprivation deciles?

A

It increases opposed to non-Maori

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10
Q

What is the disparity between high/low income Maori people and their non-Maori counterparts?

A

Their respective incomes are still lower than their non-Maori counterparts

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11
Q

What are factors to consider when assessing socioeconomic status?
(4)

A
  • Occupation
  • Income
  • Education
  • Living standards measures
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12
Q

What factors contribute into consideration for occupation when assessing socioeconomic status?
(3)

A
  • Non workers
  • Classification of jobs
  • Changing jobs
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13
Q

What factors contribute into consideration for Income when assessing socioeconomic status?
(2)

A
  • Gross or net income

- Individual or house hold

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14
Q

What factors contribute into consideration for education when assessing socioeconomic status?

A

Highest qualification

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15
Q

What factors contribute into consideration for living standard measures when assessing socioeconomic status?
(3)

A
  • Economic living standard index

- Survey’s with a range of aspects

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16
Q

What is NZDep?

A

Area based measure of deprivation

17
Q

What is the size of the area for an NZDep?

A

100-200

18
Q

What does NZDep consider for their index?

A

Range of aspects including:

  • Income
  • Employment
  • Living conditions etc
19
Q

Who can be assessed using the NZDep?

A

Everyone

20
Q

What can be used to assess individuals NZDep?

A

Address

21
Q

What is absolute poverty?

A

Income level below which a minimum nutritionally adequate diet plus essential non-food requirements is not affordable

22
Q

What is relative poverty?

A

The amount of income a person, family or group needs to purchase a relative amount of basic necessities of live

23
Q

What are relative necessities defined as?

A

Basic necessities are identified relative to each society and economy

24
Q

Neighbourhoods are not a measure of what?

A

Individuals within a decile

25
Q

What are 4 complications of the NZDep

A
  • Neighbourhood measure not individual
  • Incorporates a range of aspects but not everything
  • Not a label
  • Measures relative socioeconomic deprivation
26
Q

What does a social gradient show about health outcomes and deprivation?

A

The higher someones deprivation, the higher poor health outcomes are going to be likely

27
Q

What can follow low socioeconomic status?

A

Poor housing then poor health conditions

28
Q

What are social determinants of health?

A

The conditions in which people are born, grow, live work and age and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life

29
Q

What are singular factors of health?

A

Hereditary factors

30
Q

What are first level factors of health?

A

Individual life style factors

31
Q

What are second level factors of health?

A

Social and community influences

32
Q

What are third level factors of health?

A

Living and working conditions

33
Q

What are fourth level factors of health?

A

General socioeconomic, cultural environmental conditions

POPH 192 (5 decks)

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