Lecture 16: Disease of the Upper RT 2 (Specht) Flashcards
where are CS localized in disease of upper RT?
at or below oropharynx
canine infectious respiratory disease aka:
Kennel Cough
Infectious tracheobronchitis
potential infectious agents of K9 infectious resp. dz**
Viruses: parainfluenza, adenovirus, distemper, influenza, pneumovirus
Bacteria: Bordetella, Mycoplasma, Strep
CS of K9 infectious resp. dz
- SUDDEN ONSET of severe cough*
- gagging, retching, nasal d/c
- recent history of expsure*
- usually NO signs of systemic illness*
Canine Influenza
5-8% mortality
- good prognosis
- supportive care
- prevent with standard sanitation
K9 infectious resp. dz prevention
- prevent exposure
- SQ and IN vax against PIV, CAV, CDV
- caution: intranasal vaccine given SC can cause liver necrosis!!
K9 infectious resp. dz Dx/Tx/Prognosis
Dx: -presumptive based on Hx, CS, PE; CBC -TTW,TXR may be indicated in progressive/systemic cases -definitive dx: PCR**, culture Tx: -usually no Abx needed, self-limiting \+/- cough suppressants -NO steroids Prog: excellent if uncomplicated
collapsing trachea
dynamic narrowing of the tracheal lumen due to flattening of the cartilaginous rings and/or redundancy of dorsal tracheal membrane.
- most common at thoracic inlet, but can also occur at maintstem bronchi, intra or extra-thoracic trachea
- animal usually older, small breed, overweight
collapsing trachea CS
-worsening, loud, non-productive cough (“goose honk”)**
Dx of collapsing trachea**
TXR:
-intrathoracic collapse visible on expiratory films**
-extrathoracic collapse visible on inspiratory films**
Fluoroscopy (id’s dynamic processes)
Bronchoscopy if rads fail to confirm dx
cautions of collapsing trachea
be careful about stress**
anesthesia risk
concurrent dz
medical management of collapsing trachea
-reduce weight!!
-use harness
-min. exercise
-reduce inhaled irritants
-lomotil
+/- anti-tussives, glucocorticoids, bronchodilators (onlyif there is a small airway problem too)
tx of collapsing trachea
- emergency airway management (O2, anxiolytics, intubation, etc.)
- salvage procedures (internal stents, external prostheses)
collapsing trachea prog.
often progressive, depends on severity
laryngeal paralysis
failure of arytenoid cartilage to abduct during inspiration. Usually idiopathic but can be assoc. with trauma, tumors, or polyneuropathies/myopathies
laryngeal paralysis CS
-resp. distress
-stridor
-bark change
-cyanosis
-syncope (faint)
CS worse with increased resp. effort*
often neuro deficits such as trouble swallowing
laryngeal paralysis Dx
- laryngoscopy (sedation required)
- arytenoids stay closed or collapse in during inspiration and open slightly during expiration
- tests to R/O underlying problems
laryngeal paralysis Tx
- emergency airway management
- address underlying dz
- address obesity**
- env. factors
- sx intervention: unilateral arytenoid lateralization*
disadvantage of unilateral arytenoid lateralization
can’t guard airway –> infection
laryngeal paralysis prog.
depends…ok with sx correction
brachiocephalic syndrome
complex of anatomic abnormalities including: -stenotic nares -elongated soft palate -everted laryngeal saccules -hypoplastic trachea \+/- laryngeal collapse
brachioceph. syndrome CS
- upper airway obstruction –> resp. distress, stertor, stridor, cyanosis, syncope
- worse with excitement, inc. temp.
brach. syndrome dx/tx/prog.
Dx:
-presumptive based on breed/history/CS
-laryngoscopy, rads
Tx:
-airway management
-sx correction of elongated soft palate, stenotic nares, everted laryngeal saccules
-weight management**
Prognosis:
-depends on severity: severe hypoplastic trachea and laryngeal collapse the worst
-sx corrected defects should cause no further CS
most common disease seen with laryngeal paralysis**
stridor (an abnormal, high-pitched, musical breathing sound. It is caused by a blockage in the larynx. It is most often heard when taking in a breath - web)
