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Cardiopulmonary (Estrada-Fall 2014) > Lecture 15: Disease of the Upper RT 1 (Specht) > Flashcards

Lecture 15: Disease of the Upper RT 1 (Specht) Flashcards

1
Q

sneezing is a sign of:

A

nasal or nasopharynx problem

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2
Q

infectious agents involved in feline URI

A 
most common:
-feline herpes virus (FHV-1)
-feline calicivirus (FCV)
less common:
-chlamydiophila felis
-Bordatella bronchiseptica
-mycoplasma spp.
*combos of viral and bacterial infection possible
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3
Q

How is feline URI spread? signalment?

A

spread: contact w/ actively infected cats, carrier cats, fomites
signal: young, old, immunosuppressed

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4
Q

T/F: cats can be latent carriers for wks to yrs after resolution of URI

A

TRUE

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5
Q

Feline URI CS*

A

sneeze, nasal d/c, conjunctivitis w/ ocular d/c

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6
Q

specific CS assoc. with FRV**

A

cornal ulceration

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7
Q

specific CS assoc. with FCV**

A

oral ulceration

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8
Q

specific CS assoc. iwth chlamydiophila**

A

conjunctivitis

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9
Q

3 most common agents of feline URI**

A

FRV, FCV, chlamydiophila

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10
Q

CS of CHRONIC feline URI

A
  • nasal d/c
  • irreversible damage to mucosa/turbinates
  • 2ary bacterial infection common
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11
Q

feline URI dx based on:

A
  • usually presumptive based on history/CS
  • PCR
  • chronic rhinitis
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12
Q

feline URI acute sign tx:

A
  • supportive tx: nutrition, fuids, suction, nebulization, pediatric nasal decongestants
  • abx RARELY needed (unless bact. infection suspected)
  • DON’T use corticosteroids (makes bact. inf. worse, increases shedding of virus)
  • good prognosis
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13
Q

feline URI chronic sign tx:

A

same as acute tx, but for long-term

-cure unlikely

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14
Q

supposed effects of lysine

A

increases risk of contracting and increases duration of URI

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15
Q

feline URI prevention

A
  • avoid exposure

- vaccinate for FCV/FRV

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16
Q

T/F: chronic URIs less contagious thanacute

A

T

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17
Q

majority of nasal tumors are malignant/non-malignant

A

malignant

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18
Q

which nasal tumors most common in dogs?

A

carcinomas

19
Q

which nasal tumors most common in cats?

A

adenocarcinoma, lymphoma

20
Q

which nasal tumors occur in both dogs and cats?

A

fibrosarcomas, sarcomas

21
Q

trans-veneral nasal tumors common in endemic areas

A

:)

22
Q

nasal tumors more common in old/young?

A

old

23
Q

CS of nasal tumors

A
  • nasal discharge (often unilateral)
  • sneezing
  • dec. airflow
  • face deformation
  • weight loss, anorexia
24
Q

nasal tumor dx

A
  • rads
  • CT (better)
  • cytology and/or histo for definitive dx
25
Q

nasal tumor tx

A
  • sx excision of benign tumors
  • malignant tumors:
    • radiation 1st choice**
    • sx excision
    • chemo
    • adjunctive tx (analgesics, NSAIDs, Abx)
26
Q

nasal tumor prognosis

A
  • poor w/o tx

- survival about 1 yr with radiation

27
Q

nasopharyngeal polyps

A
  • benign
  • kittens/young cats**
  • attached to base of Eustachian tube and can grow up into ear, pharynx, nasal cavity
28
Q

CS of nasopharyngeal polyps

A
  • stertor
  • nasal d/c
  • upper airway obstruction
  • neuro signs possible: Horner’s syndrome, head tilt, nystagmus
29
Q

Dx/Tx/prognosis of nasopharyng. polyps

A 
Dx:
-otic exam
-rads
-oropharyngeal exam*
-nasopharyngoscopy*
-histo
Tx: sx excision usually curative
Prog: excellent if entirely removed
30
Q

types of fungal rhinitis

A
  • aspergillosis (mostly dogs, doesn’t cause mass)
  • cryptococcosis (mostly cats, does cause mass)
  • penicillium rhinosporidium, sporothrix other causative agents
31
Q

most common systemic fungal disease in cats**

A

nasal cryptococcosis

32
Q

CS of fungal rhinitis

A
  • sneezing
  • nasal d/c +/- blood
  • granulomatous lesions, facial deformity, ulceration possible
33
Q

nasal crypto dx and tx

A 
Dx:
-cytology of nasal discharge*
-serology for Ag*
-histo
Tx:
-systemic fluconazole, itraconazole at least 1-2 months PAST resolution of CS*
-resistance to anti-fungal can develop
-normally good response to tx
34
Q

what kind of dog nasal aspergillosis most common in?

A
  • young/middle age
  • immunocompetent
  • dolichocephalic or mesocephalic
  • German shepherds
35
Q

Nasal aspergillosis CS

A
  • nasal d/c
  • nasal pain
  • ulceration of external nares (which is also present in cancer, severe rhinitis)
36
Q

Dx/Tx of nasal aspergillosis

A

Dx:

  • false + or - from Ab serology, cytology, histopathology, and cultures
  • skull rads and/or CT
  • rhinoscopy allows direct visualization**
  • must combine info from various tests*
37
Q

Tx of nasal aspergillosis

A

topical clotrimazole, enilconazole applied inside nose with catheters or flushed through frontal sinus (high success rate)

38
Q

bacterial rhinitis common/uncommon as primary nasal disease***

A

uncommon. Very common as 2ary complication of other nasal dz!!

39
Q

which bacteria CAN act as primary pathogens?

A

Bordatella bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia

40
Q

lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis

A
  • inflammatory condition likely caused by inhaled allergens or autoimmune origin
  • rare
  • char. by chronic nasal discharge +/- sneezing
  • histopath. can miss true underlyin disease such as tumor/granuloma
  • Tx w/ corticosteroids +/- short-term Abx
41
Q

tooth root abcesses and oronasal fistulas are usually concurrent with obvious dental dz or visible fistula

A

:)

42
Q

most common source of foreign bodies causing nasal dz

A

plant material, quill

43
Q

CS assoc. with congenital abnormalities causing nasal dz

A

dysphagia

44
Q

allergic rhinitis

A

-uncommon manifestation of allergy
CS: sneeze, nasal d/c, can be seasonal
Dx: respond to removal of allergen, eosinophilic inflamm. in nasal biopsy
Tx: remove allergen, antihistamines, corticosteroids, hyposensitization?

Cardiopulmonary (Estrada-Fall 2014) (9 decks)

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