Lecture 16 - blood Prudcts In The Treatment Of Disease Flashcards
1
Q
3 parts of donor screening
A
- donor questionnaire form: identifies risk behavior, wording is covered by legislation, legal document
- Donor interview: confidential 1-1, auditory and visual privacy. Ensures that it is safe to donate and safe to receive
- donation undergoes mandatory testing
2
Q
Every donation is tested and negative for
A
- HBsAF and HBV
- HCV Ab and NAT
- HIV Ab and NAT
- HTLV1 AB
- syphillis
- ABO and RhD
- RBC antibody screen
- selected red cell phenotypes
- CMV ab
- malarial antibody testing
3
Q
Fresh components distributed by the blood service
A
- whole blood: no longer available
- RBC: leucodepleted. Thse may be washed, irradiated and or phenotyped
- platelets: Buffy coat poor pooled (leucodepleted), apheresis (leucodepleted), paediatric apheresis (leucodepleted)
- Plasma: FFP, Cryoprecipitate, cryo-depleted plasma
- Plasma products: coag factor, intragam P, immunoglobulins, albumex
4
Q
Red cells
A
- leucodepleted
- in additive
- store at 4 degrees
- 42 day shelf life
5
Q
Pre-transfusion testing of patient
A
- ABo and Rh blood group
- test for red cell antibodies
- cross match when requested
6
Q
ABO antigens and antibodies
A
- O: anti-a, anti-B
- A: anti-B
- B: Anti-A
- AB: Nil
7
Q
REd blood cell transfusion
A
- donor red cell and recipient plasma are ABo compatible
- contains a minimal amount of plasma (ABO alloantibodies) - can be used in situations of ABO non-identical compatibility
- group O RCC to Group A, B, AB
- group A or B to AB
- one unit should raise the haematocrit by 3% or the haemoglobin by 10g/L in an adult patient with an intact spleen
8
Q
Types of platelet products
A
- PRP platelets: historical
- BCP pooled LD platelets: whole blood derived, suspended in platelet additive solution, plasma-reduced
- apheresis platelets: non-matched and suspended in plasma, antigen-matched, crossmatch compatible. HLA type at diagnosis patients who may become refractory
9
Q
Pooled platelet LD
A
- made from 4 whole blood donations
- whole blood nto buddy coat, FFP, red cells
- leucodepleted
- store on platelet shaker at 20-24 degrees
- 5 day shelf life
10
Q
Apheresis platelets
A
- leucodepleted
- store on platelet shaker at 20-24 degrees
- 5 day shelf life
11
Q
Platelet transfusion
A
- to treat or prevent bleeding due to thrombocytopenia or functionally abnormal platelet
- chemotherapy, consumptive coagulopathy
- thrombocytopenia does not equal platelet transfusion
- rarely used in situations of rapid platelet destruction: ITP, TTP
- contraindicated in heparin induced thrombocytopenia
12
Q
Functionally abnormal platelets
A
- muelodysplastic disorders
- drugs which affect platelets: aspirin, clopidogrel, NSAIDS
- congenital platelet dysfunction
- platelet trasnfusion may be required even in the presence of a normal platelet count
13
Q
Crossing the ABO barrier in platelet tranfusion: plasma incompatibility
A
- platelets should be ABO compatible with the patient whenever possible
- crossing the ABO barrier may be considered whtn you rransfuse a special type of platelet or when the only platelet available is a different group to the patient
14
Q
Transfusing anti-A or anti-B into a patient who is A or B
A
- usually not clinically significant
- occasional positive DAT
- less plasma in pooled platelets than in apheresis platelets
15
Q
Transfusing Groups A or B platelets into a patient who has circulating Anti-A or anti-B
A
- recovery slightly reduced but not clinically significant
- ABO compatible platelets preferred
