Lecture 16/17- Nervous System as a Machine/Neuron Doctrine Flashcards
Afferent signals
Go towards the Central Nervous System
Efferent signals
Go away from Central Nervous System
What are the three steps in the nervous system machine?
- Sensory into afferent
- Brain+spinal cord
- Motor out
Sensory Transduction
The change in energy from signals in the outside world to movement of ions across membranes
What are three types of sensory transductions?
- Electromagnetic
- Mechanical
- Chemical
What two subgroups are under mechanical sensory transduction?
Touch and hearing
How do ions flow into mechanical transductions cells?
Opening and closing the channel allows ions to flow in
What are the two subgroups under chemical transduction?
Taste and olfaction (smell)
What are the five types of tastes?
Sweet, bitter, salty, sour, almami
How are flavors detected?
Through specific ions fitting into receptors
What is the Neuron Doctrine?
The neuron is the fundamental, structural, and functional unit of the nervous system
Neuron Doctrine is composed of millions of individual/distinct neurons
What did the Cellularists believe in?
Nervous system is composed of individual units called neurons
What did the Reticularists believe in?
Neurons are all connected by cytoplasm bridges
What is the Law of Dynamic Polarization?
Information in neurons from dendrite to axon terminal can only flow in ONE direction
What is the structural definition of a neuron?
Dendrite
Axon
Stoma
Cell Body
Axonterminal
What is the role of voltage gate channels in a neuron?
Conduct Na+ inward and K+ outward
What does the input region of a neuron contain?
Dendrite
What does the conductive region of a neuron contain?
Axon
How is information sent from one neuron to another?
Change in charge inside and outside the neuron
What end of the microtubule are tubulin dimers added to the microtubule?
”+” end
What end of the microtubule are tubulin dimers taken away from the microtubules?
”-“ end
What direction does Kinesin motor proteins carry vesicles in?
Anterograde direction
What end of the microtubule does anterograde direction go towards?
Is this towards or away from the nucleus?
”+” end
Away from the nucleus
What end of the microtubule does retrograde direction go towards?
Is this towards or away from the nucleus?
”-“ end
Towards the nucleus
What is axoplasmic transport?
Cell transport
Are cytoplasmic proteins fast or slow?
Slow
Do cytoplasmic proteins have free or bound ribosomes?
Free
What are two slow transport proteins?
Actin and tubulin
Are vesicular proteins fast or slow?
Fast
What do fast proteins use to speed up transport along the microtubules?
Kinesin and Dynein
What did the rabbit retina experiment find?
The reason cytoplasmic proteins are “slow” is because they make occasional stops since they fall off the vesicle used for transport
What are three types of vesiculated proteins?
Transmembrane
Lysosomal
Secreted
True or false: Vesiculated proteins can move faster than cytoplasmic proteins overall
True
Is Kinesin “+” or “-“ end driven?
”+” end
Is Dinein “+” or “-“ end driven?
”-“ end
