Lecture 14- Endocrine System Pt 1 Flashcards
What is required for a hormone to be seen?
Hormone receptor complex
Hormone must be able to bind to receptor otherwise it isn’t shown
What are the three types of cell to cell communication?
Autocrine
Paracrine
Endocrine
What are two aspects required for successful cell to cell communication?
Affinity (stickiness) to receptor
Specificity of hormone to hormone receptor
Describe autocrine cell to cell communication
Self signaling
Releases hormone and binds to receptor in same complex
Will there be an interaction if there is not a receptor to bind to?
NO
Describe paracrine cell to cell communication
Signaling neighboring cell
One cell in “neighborhood” releases hormones and through diffusion they bind to another cell’s receptor in the “neighborhood”
Describe endocrine cell to cell communication
Signaling a far away cell through the blood
Cell secretes hormones, hormones travel through blood and find far away receptor to bind to
Which type of cell to cell communication functions at typically low concentrations?
Endocrine
What types of molecules can become hormones?
- peptides/proteins
- Amino acid sequences
- Steroid hormones
- Fatty acid derivatives
What affects the type of receptor hormones can bind to?
Hydrophilic vs hydrophobic
What can tryptophan become?
Serotonin
What are three catecholamines?
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and Epinephrine are synthesized from what derivative?
Tyrosine
What are two commons amino acid derivatives?
Tryptophan
Tyrosine
Are the catecholamines (Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and Epinephrine) polar or non-polar?
Polar/hydrophilic
What type of hormone can also be derived from Tyrosine that is hydrophobic/uncharged?
Thyroid
What type of receptors do hydrophobic/uncharged hormones bind to?
Cytoplasma receptors
Steroid hormones are derivatives of _______
Cholesterol
What are the three main steroid hormones?
Sex hormones
Estrogen, Testosterone, and Progesterone
Where do the major steroid hormones come from?
Adrenal Cortex
Cortisol
Cortisone
Aldosterone
What is calciferol also known as?
Vitamin D
Are the steroid hormones polar or non-polar? What type of receptors will they bind to?
Non-polar/hydrophobic
Bind to cytoplasma receptors
What types of receptors do polar/hydrophilic hormones bind to?
Transmembrane proteins
What is required to break the ring in cholecalciferol?
UV light
