Lecture 14- Endocrine System Pt 1

Question 1

What is required for a hormone to be seen?

Answer 1

Hormone receptor complex

Hormone must be able to bind to receptor otherwise it isn’t shown

Question 2

What are the three types of cell to cell communication?

Answer 2

Autocrine
Paracrine
Endocrine

Question 3

What are two aspects required for successful cell to cell communication?

Answer 3

Affinity (stickiness) to receptor

Specificity of hormone to hormone receptor

Question 4

Describe autocrine cell to cell communication

Answer 4

Self signaling

Releases hormone and binds to receptor in same complex

Question 5

Will there be an interaction if there is not a receptor to bind to?

Answer 5

NO

Question 6

Describe paracrine cell to cell communication

Answer 6

Signaling neighboring cell

One cell in “neighborhood” releases hormones and through diffusion they bind to another cell’s receptor in the “neighborhood”

Question 7

Describe endocrine cell to cell communication

Answer 7

Signaling a far away cell through the blood

Cell secretes hormones, hormones travel through blood and find far away receptor to bind to

Question 8

Which type of cell to cell communication functions at typically low concentrations?

Answer 8

Endocrine

Question 9

What types of molecules can become hormones?

Answer 9

1. peptides/proteins
2. Amino acid sequences
3. Steroid hormones
4. Fatty acid derivatives

Question 10

What affects the type of receptor hormones can bind to?

Answer 10

Hydrophilic vs hydrophobic

Question 11

What can tryptophan become?

Answer 11

Serotonin

Question 12

What are three catecholamines?

Answer 12

Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine

Question 13

Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and Epinephrine are synthesized from what derivative?

Answer 13

Tyrosine

Question 14

What are two commons amino acid derivatives?

Answer 14

Tryptophan
Tyrosine

Question 15

Are the catecholamines (Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and Epinephrine) polar or non-polar?

Answer 15

Polar/hydrophilic

Question 16

What type of hormone can also be derived from Tyrosine that is hydrophobic/uncharged?

Answer 16

Thyroid

Question 17

What type of receptors do hydrophobic/uncharged hormones bind to?

Answer 17

Cytoplasma receptors

Question 18

Steroid hormones are derivatives of _______

Answer 18

Cholesterol

Question 19

What are the three main steroid hormones?

Sex hormones

Answer 19

Estrogen, Testosterone, and Progesterone

Question 20

Where do the major steroid hormones come from?

Answer 20

Adrenal Cortex
Cortisol
Cortisone
Aldosterone

Question 21

What is calciferol also known as?

Answer 21

Vitamin D

Question 22

Are the steroid hormones polar or non-polar? What type of receptors will they bind to?

Answer 22

Non-polar/hydrophobic
Bind to cytoplasma receptors

Question 23

What types of receptors do polar/hydrophilic hormones bind to?

Answer 23

Transmembrane proteins

Question 24

What is required to break the ring in cholecalciferol?

Answer 24

UV light