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HUBS > Lecture 16 > Flashcards

Lecture 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and Spinal cord

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2
Q

Brain and Spinal cord

A

Neurons and Glia

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Peripheral nerves and Ganglia

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4
Q

Peripheral nerves and Ganglia

A

Neurons and Glia

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5
Q

What are neurons?

A

Cells specialised for transmission of information

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6
Q

Morphological types of neurons

A

Multipolar, Bipolar, Unipolar and Anaxonic

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7
Q

Multipolar Neuron

A

Multiple processes emanate from cell body

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8
Q

Bipolar

A

Two processes emanate from cell body

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9
Q

Unipolar neuron

A

One process emanates from cell body, then branches into dendrite and axon

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10
Q

Anaxonic neuron

A

No distinct axon, all processes look alike

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11
Q

Input zone of neuron

A

Dendrites and cell body receive chemical signals

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12
Q

Summation zone of neuron

A

Axon hillock where inputs are summated before action potential

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13
Q

Conduction zone of neuron

A

Axon, carries electrical signals between brain areas, to and from spinal cord or form peripheral sensory receptors to effector cells

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14
Q

Output zone of neuron

A

Axon terminals, contact with input zone of other neurons or effectors

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15
Q

Release of neurotransmitter

A

Chemical signal

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16
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive input and sends info to cell body

17
Q

Cell body

A

Contains nucleus and organelles, and sums input

18
Q

Axon

A

Carries electrical impulses, may or not be myelinated

19
Q

Axon terminals

A

End of the axon and neurotransmitter releaser

20
Q

Types of glial cells

A

CNS: Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes
PNS: Schwann cells

21
Q

Astrocytes

A

Supplies neurons with nutrients, Ensheath blood capillaries, injury response

22
Q

Microglia

A

Immune cells of the CNS, engulf microorganisms and debris

23
Q

Ependymal

A

Line fluid-filled cells of brain and spinal cord, have cilia to circulate CSF

24
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Support nerve fibres, Ensheath them with myelin

25
Q

Schwann cells

A

Support peripheral nerve fibres, Ensheath them with myelin

26
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Lipid wrapped around axon, increases conduction velocity

27
Q

Myelin sheath structure

A

Multiple Schwann cells in line, nodes of Ranvier

28
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps between myelin, increase conduction velocity

29
Q

Synapse

A

Where communication between neurons occur

30
Q

Afferent

A

Information going into brain (ascending)

31
Q

Efferent

A

Response coming out of the brain (descending)

32
Q

Summary

A

Into spinal nerves

HUBS (3 decks)

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