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Medical Microbiology > Lecture 16 > Flashcards

Lecture 16 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Size of vaccinia

A

360nm

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2
Q

Size of parvovirus

A

18nm

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3
Q

Size of tobacco mosaic virus

A

300nm

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4
Q

Taxonomy of Viruses

A

Superfamily
Realm
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Suborder
Family
Subfamily
Genus
Subgenus
Species

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5
Q

Baltimore classification of viruses

A

Class I - dsDNA viruses (Duplodnaviria)
E.g. Herpesviridae

Class II: ssDNA virus (Monodnaviria)
e.g. Circoviridae

Class III: dsRNA virus (Orthornavirae)’
e.g. Reoviridae

Class IV: Positive sense ssRNA virus (Orthornavirae) e.g. Coronaviridae

Class V: Negative sense ssRNA virus (Orthornavirae) e.g. Arenaviridae

Class VI: ssRNA viruses (Reverse transcriptase to dsDNA) (Pararnavirae) e.g. Retroviridae

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6
Q

Describe differences in viral particle structure

A
  1. Filamentous or lcosahedral
  2. Enveloped or non-enveloped
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7
Q

Filamentous viruses

A

Identical asymmetrical components can be arranged around the circumference of a circle to yield a symmetrical arrangement

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8
Q

Icosahedral

A

3D symmetrical shape formed from 20 equilateral triangles

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9
Q

Combinations of viral structures

A
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10
Q

Enveloped viruses

A

Lipid bilayer that surrounds the nucleic acid core

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11
Q

How does viruses attach?

A
  • Requires interaction between virion surface proteins + plasma membrane proteins
  • Distribution of receptors determines host range
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12
Q

Examples of receptors

A

Sialic acid (Common component of Glycoproteins) receptor for influenza

ACh receptor ) - Synaptic transmission - Rabies

CD4 - T-lymphocyte marker - HIV

HVEM - TNF receptor - Herpes simplex

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13
Q

Entry and uncoating

A
  1. Viral receptors attach to cell surface receptors
  2. Secondary receptors may assist initiating membrane fusion with host cell, or cell membrane puncture
  3. Membrane fusion causes virus to release cell contents (only done with enveloped viruses)
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14
Q
A
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15
Q

Entry by endocytosis

A
  1. Virus tricks cell into thinking it’s nutrition
  2. Cell takes in receptor bound virus by engulfing it through endocytosis
  3. Virus enclosed in vacuole, when it breaks out to enter cytoplasm
  4. Examples include Hepatitis C, Polio etc
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16
Q

How are non-enveloped viruses released

A

Exocytosis or Cell lysis

17
Q
A

Medical Microbiology (18 decks)

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