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Medical Microbiology > Identification techniques > Flashcards

Identification techniques Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

5 classes of proteobacteria

A

Alpha-proteobacteria
Beta-proteobacteria
Gamma-proteobacteria
Delta-proteobacteria
Epsilon-proteobacteria

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2
Q

Enterobacteriales in what class?

A

Gamma-proteobacteria

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3
Q

Escherichia, Salmonella, and Klebsella all belong to which family?

A

Enterobacteriaceae

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4
Q

Examples of culture collections where strains are deposited

A
  • American type culture collection
    -National Collection of Type cultures
    -Public Health England
    -NCIMB
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5
Q

Is C. violaceum ATCC 12473 same as NCTC 9757? true or false

A

True

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6
Q

Do bacterial strains within a single species behave differently?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Classes 1-4

A

Class 1 - Non-pathogeneic e.g k12 E.coli
Class 2 - Potentially pathogenic e.g. K. pneumoniae
Class 3 - pathogenic e.g. legionella spp.
Class 4 - No known class 4 bacterium (most viruses)

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8
Q

Howare classical taxonomy and identification completed?

A
  • Relies on phenotypic analyses
  • Morphology (cell size, shape, flagella), O2 tolerance
  • G+C content of DNA
  • Physiology and metabolism e.g. nutrient sources, Relationship to pH, temperature, salinity, products formed, Prescence of enzymes
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9
Q

Cell morphology + Gram reaction

A

Differ in shape: Cocci or bacilli
Different in gram test - Gram-positive (Purplish blue) or Gram-negative (Pink)

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10
Q

Cocci types

A

Coccus
Diplococci
Streptococci
Sarcina
Tetrad
Staphylococci
Diplococci encapculated

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11
Q

Bacilli types

A

Coccobacillus
Bacillus
Palisades
Diplobacilli
Streptobacilli

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12
Q

Oxygen tolerance types

A

Obligate aerobe - requires oxygen to survive
Obligate anaerobe - Requires no oxygen to survive
Facilitative anaerobe - Can live in aerobic or anaerobic consitions
Aerotolerant anaerobe - Can tolerate low concentrations of oxygen
Microaerophile - Requires low levels of oxygen to grow

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13
Q

Endospores

A
  • Survival forms produced under unfavorable conditions e.g. when nutrients run out
  • Can survive 100s/1000s of years
  • High resistance to heat, drying, radiation, chemicals
  • Low water content
  • Contain calcium diplocolinate
  • Special proteins protect DNA
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14
Q

Catalase test

A

h2o2 -> h2o + 1/2O2

Important in detoxifyibg h2o2 produced during metabolismP#

Positive result - Bubbles
Negative - No bubbles

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15
Q

Oxidase activity

A

Detects the presence of cytochrome c and associated oxidase
Kovac’s reagent (N, N, N’, N’ - Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride)
Colourless when reduced
Purple when oxidised

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16
Q

Do you need more or less energy to break the GC bonds

A

More

17
Q

Growth on lactose test

A

Growth on lactose
- Production of acid (pH changes)
- pH indicator phenol red
- Red -> yellow
- production of gas

18
Q

Test for H2S

A
  • Hydrogen sulphide production
  • Formation of ferrous sulphide
  • Fe2+ + S2- —> FeS (insoluble)
    Black - Positive result
    Orange - negative result
19
Q

What are API kits?

A

Media kits for isolate identification

20
Q

MacConkey’s agar for enterobactericae

A

Bile salts inhibit gram negative
+ve - Lac+ - acid - red - E.coli, E. aerogenes
Lac- - NH3 - colourless - P. vulgaris, S. aureus

21
Q

What grows on chocolate agar and how to distungish them

A

Haemophilus, Neisseria

Add antibiotic

22
Q

How do differentiate between Haemophilus and Neisseria

A

Make medium more selective through adding antibiotics which kill Haemophilus, but don’t kill Neisseria

23
Q

How to differentiate between coliforms and E. coli

A

Chromogenic
Coliforms - Pink
E. coli - Purple

24
Q

Listeria selective agar

A

Non-pathogenic Listeria colony - no halo
Pathogenic Listeria - Halo present

25
Q

Mannitol salt agar for coagulase positve Staphylococcus

A

Selects for GM +ve (high salt)
Mannitol fermentation - H+ - red to yellow
When using selective media ALWAYS include controls
positive control - Ferments mannitol produces H+
Negative control

26
Q

What percentage of bacterial strains can be lab cultured?

A

3%

27
Q
A

Medical Microbiology (18 decks)

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