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Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 3 > Lecture 15: The Brain 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 15: The Brain 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How Many Pairs of Cranial Nerves Are There?

A

12

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2
Q

Brain Stem

A

Processes/relays information between the spinal cord and cerebrum or cerebellum

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3
Q

Parts Of The Brain Stem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medula Oblongata

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4
Q

Medula Oblongata

A

Autonomic function of regulating heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory pace,
Contains nuclei for several cranial nerves

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5
Q

Pons

A

Nuclei involved with respiration,

Relays information to and from the cerebellum

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6
Q

Midbrain

A

Process sight and sound associated reflexes involving eyes, head, and trunk,
Maintains consciousness,
Fluid movement and muscle tone

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7
Q

Reticular Activating System

A

Neurons that ‘awaken’ other parts of brain once it’s slightly awake

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8
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordinates body movements,

Maintain balance both at rest and during movements,

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9
Q

Ataxia

A

Caused by damage to cerebellum,

Inability to coordinate movements,

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10
Q

Things That Cause Ataxia

A

Stroke

Intoxication

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11
Q

Diencephalon

A

Inferior to cerebrum and anterior to cerebellum,

Links cerebrum with brainstem

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12
Q

Three Divisions Of Diencephalon

A

Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

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13
Q

Epithalamus

A

Pineal gland secretes melatonin and other hormones

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14
Q

Melatonin

A

Controls circadian rhythms and regulates epithalamus

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15
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay center for sensory information,
Receives sensory input from cerebellum, body, basal nuclei, eyes, ears,
Sends information out to areas of the cerebral cortex,
Part of limbic system

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16
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Stimulates a lot of hormone release and production for endocrine system,
Emotion,
Autonomic function of body temp, thirst, hunger, heart rate/pressure,
Circadian Rhythms,
Pituitary gland

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17
Q

Infundibulum

A

Where pituitary gland connects to the hypothalamus

18
Q

Limbic System

A

Collection of nuclei and tracts in diencephalon and cerebrum,
Establishes emotional states,
Conscious thought with autonomic function,
Memory storage and retrieval,
Sets motivation level

19
Q

Nuclei/Regions of Limbic System (6)

A 
Amygdaloid Body,
Cingulate Gyrus,
Dentate Gyrus,
Parahippocampal Gyrus,
Hippocampus,
Parts of Thalamus and Hypothalamus
20
Q

Cerebrum

A

Conscious thoughts,
Somatic sensory awareness and processing,
Somatic motor commands initiated

21
Q

Central Sulcus

A

Divides anterior frontal lobe from posterior parietal lobe,

Separates precentral gyrus from postcentral gyrus

22
Q

Lateral Sulcus

A

Divides frontal lobe from temporal lobe

23
Q

Cerebral Hemispheres Receives _________ from, And Sends _______ To __________

A

Sensory information,
Motor commands,
The opposite side of body

24
Q

Cerebral Hemispheres Have Different ________ But Similar ________

A

Function,

Structure

25
Q

Motor Areas of Cerebrum

A

Precentral gyrus of frontal lobe directs voluntary movements

26
Q

Primary Motor Cortex

A

Surface of precentral gyrus

27
Q

Sensory Areas of Cerebrum

A

Postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe receives somatic sensory info (touch, pressure, pain, vibration, temp)

28
Q

Primary Sensory Cortex

A

Surface of postcentral gyrus

29
Q

Visual Cortex of Cerebrum

A

Information from sight receptors

30
Q

Auditory Cortex of Cerebrum

A

Information from sound receptors

31
Q

Olfactory Cortex of Cerebrum

A

Information from odor receptors

32
Q

Gustatory Cortex of Cerebrum

A

Information from taste receptors

33
Q

Sensory Association Areas of Cerebrum

A

Monitor and interpret arriving information at sensory areas of cortex and understand what it is

34
Q

Somatic Motor Association Area (Premotor Cortex)

A

Coordinates major responses (learned movements),

Learned movements stay in synapse

35
Q

Association Fibers

A

Connect regions within one hemisphere

36
Q

Commissural Fibers

A

Connect left and right hemispheres,
Corpus Callosum,
Anterior Commisure

37
Q

Projection Fibers

A

Connect cerebrum with diencephalon and brainstem,

Lower to higher

38
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Where commissural fibers cross between left and right hemispheres

39
Q

Basal Nuclei

A

Masses of gray matter,

Direct subconscious activities

40
Q

Subconscious Activities of Basal Nuclei

A

Subconscious control of skeletal muscle tone,

Coordination of learned movement patterns (help maintain balance, tense muscles, etc)

41
Q

More Active Basal Nuclei =

A

Parkinson’s Disease

42
Q

Types of Gray Matter Masses

A

Caudate Nucleus

Lentiform Nucleus

Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 3 (5 decks)

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