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Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 3 > Lecture 11: Neural Tissue > Flashcards

Lecture 11: Neural Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Neurons

A

Cells that send and receive signals

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2
Q

Where Do Neurons Send/Receive Signals To/From?

A

1 region of the body to another

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3
Q

Neuroglia (glial cells)

A

Cells that support and protect neurons

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4
Q

Central Nervous System Consists Of…

A

Brain

Spinal Cord

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5
Q

Peripheral Nervous System Consists Of…

A

All neural tissues outside of CNS

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6
Q

Afferent Division of Peripheral Nervous System

A

Brings sensory information to CNS from receptors in peripheral tissues (sensory neurons),
Periphery to spinal cord and brain

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7
Q

Efferent Divison of Peripheral Nervous System

A

Carries commands from CNS to effector tissues like muscles and glands (motor neurons),
CNS to peripheral

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8
Q

S.A.M.E

A

Sensory Afferent

Motor Efferent

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9
Q

Somatic Nervous System of Efferent Division of PNS

A

Controls voluntary and involuntary skeletal muscle contractions and reflexes

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10
Q

Involuntary Skeletal Muscle Contractions

A

Not under conscious control (reflex)

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11
Q

Autonomic Nervous System of Efferent Division of PNS

A

Controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glandular secretions at the subconscious level

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12
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of neurons/axons

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13
Q

Cell Body Of A Neuron

A

Nucleus and perikaryon,

Location of most organelles

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14
Q

Perikaryon Of A Neuron

A

Cytoplasm of neuron cell body,

Contains organelles

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15
Q

Dendrites Of A Neuron

A

Receive neurotransmitters from other neurons

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16
Q

Axoplasm Of An Axon

A

Cytoplasm

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17
Q

Axolemma Of An Axon

A

Plasma membrane

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18
Q

Axon Hillock

A

Axon attaches to cell body,

Must reach threshold to continue sending action potential to axon

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19
Q

Telodendria

A

End of axon branches,

Synaptic terminals

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20
Q

Nissl Bodies

A

Gray matter of CNS,

Clustered areas of ribosomes and rough ER

21
Q

Neurons lack ______, so no mitosis can occur

A

Centrioles

22
Q

Ganglia

A

Collection of cell bodies,

In PNS

23
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

In PNS,

Connected to brain/brainstem

24
Q

Spinal Nerves

A

In PNS,

Connected to spinal cord

25
Q

Tracts

A

Areas of the CNS appear white because many neuron axons are covered with myelin,
White matter of CNS

26
Q

Synapse

A

Site where a neuron communicates with another cell

27
Q

Presynaptic Cell

A

Sends message,

Neurons

28
Q

Postsynaptic Cell

A

Receives message,

Neuron, muscle fiber, gland cell

29
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Produced in the neuron cell body,

Released at the synapse

30
Q

Neurotransmitters Are Transported In ________ To _______

A

Vesicles,

Synaptic knob

31
Q

Axoplasmic Transport

A

Neurotransmitters move down the axon

32
Q

Anterograde Transport

A

Moving towards the synapse

33
Q

Retrograde Transport

A

Moving away from synapse

34
Q

Anaxonic Neuron

A

No obvious axon,

In brain and CNS

35
Q

Bipolar Neuron

A

Body not near dendrites,

In eyes/ears/nose

36
Q

Unipolar Neuron

A

Almost all sensory neurons,

Body on the side of axon

37
Q

Multipolar Neuron

A

Cell body,
Axon,
Synaptic terminals,
Motor units

38
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

10 million in body,

Afferent

39
Q

Visceral Sensory Neurons

A

Monitor internal environment of body,

Unaware of

40
Q

Somatic Sensory Neurons

A

Monitor external environment and our position in it,

Aware

41
Q

Sensory Receptors

A

Specialized organs or free endings on dendrite end of sensory neurons

42
Q

Interoceptors Of Sensory Neurons

A

Monitor internal organ systems and provide sensations including visceral pain, blood pH and blood O2 levels

43
Q

Exteroceptors Of Sensory Neurons

A

Monitor outside environment and provide sensations including touch, temperature, sight, smell and hearing

44
Q

Proprioceptors Of Sensory Neurons

A

Monitor joint and muscle position so we know the position of body,
Makes us able to maintain balance

45
Q

Motor Neurons

A

500,000 in body,

Efferent

46
Q

Interneurons

A

20 billion in body,
Most common,
Association neurons

47
Q

Where Are Interneurons Located In Body?

A

Brain, spinal cord, some ganglia

48
Q

Interneurons Are Responsible For…

A

Distributing sensory info,
Coordinating motor info,
Higher functioning (thought, memory, learning, planning)

Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 3 (5 decks)

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