Lecture 15 - how do genes make cells Flashcards
what is a gene
a segment of DNA that encodes instructions for synthesis of a functional molecule, usually a protein
what is the concept of the central dogma
the flow of genetic information within a biological system, specifically how genes encode proteins
what is transcription control
it determines when and in what cells a gene is transcribed to produce mRNA
what is transcription
the process where a DNA sequence is copied (transcribed) into an RNA molecule
what can occur if a gene is transcribed
it can be used to make a protein (expressed)
what can not occur if a gene is not transcribed
it can not be used to make a protein in that cell
what is a promotor
the DNA sequence at which transcription factors bind and recruit RNA polymerase
what does the promotor determine with gene transcription
determines if and how much a gene is transcribed
what is the transcribed region
sequences of DNA that are copied into RNA (transcribed)
what occurs to the transcribed RNA
it can then be processed so that it can be translated
what are the factors that control transcription
the factors that control whether the gene will be expressed
- example: a gene may need both activator transcription factors present and the repressor to be absent in order for the gene to be present
what is the order of events of the central dogma
- transcription control
- RNA processing and stability
- translation control
- protein processing
- protein activity and stability
