Lecture 15 Holistic Theme - What Is Holistic Assessment?

Question 1

What is disease?

Answer 1

a pathological process that is a deviation from the biological norm

Question 2

What is illness?

Answer 2

the feeling and experience of unhealthy that is personal

Question 3

What is sickness?

Answer 3

the view of society on illness/disease and how this affects this.

Question 4

What is the traditional biomedical model for treating illness?

Answer 4

Focuses on physical or biological aspects of illness.
Does not acknowledge the individual social or psychological factors.
Doctor is in full control of diagnosis and treatment.

Question 5

What are the advantages of the traditional biomedical model?

Answer 5

Leads to massive improvements in life expectancy and quality of life.
Leads to improvements in management of chronic illness.

Question 6

What are the disadvantages of the traditional biomedical model?

Answer 6

Reinforces hierarchy and paternalism.
Diagnosis incomplete.
Treatment not appropriate for individuals.
Exclusion of other healthcare professionals.

Question 7

What is the biopsychosocial model for treatment?

Answer 7

Considers the biological disease processes ongoing in the patients.
Psychological impact of the disease and psychological state of the patient assessed.
Social aspects such as carers and employment addressed.
Illness still diagnosed and managed accordingly but psychological and social aspects are considered well.

Question 8

What is a comprehensive geriatric assessment?

Answer 8

CGA
Moves forward with the biopsychosocial model, specific to older people.
Requires the complementary skills of the MDT to make a truly holistic assessment.

Question 9

What are the 4 different consultation styles?

Answer 9

Paternalism
Consumerist
Mutualism
Default

Question 10

Describe paternalism consultation style.

Answer 10

patients does what the doctor says.
low patient input
high medical input
patients needs not considered

Question 11

Describe consumerist consultation style.

Answer 11

patient has a fixed agenda.
high patient input.
doctor more passive and compliant.

Question 12

Describe mutualism consultation style.

Answer 12

patient and doctor agree a plan.
similar levels of input from both sides.

Question 13

Describe default consultation style.

Answer 13

neither patient nor doctor have a viewpoint or a strong decision.
no clear treatment plan established.

Question 14

What factors are in the holistic assessment matrix?

Answer 14

patient experince
physical exam
investigations
MDT input
prognosis/trajectory of illness
biopsychosocial model specific to older people.
person centred care.