Lecture 15: Chewing Flashcards

1
Q

Mammalian Specializations:

Precise_____; which means:

A

occlusion: position of the teeth when the jaws are closed

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2
Q

Mammalian Specializations:
Prolonged preparations of food in _____ cavity
formation of soft/semi liquid_____

A

oral

bolus

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3
Q

Elevation of the Mandible is ____

Depression of the Mandible is _____.

A

Adduction

Abduction

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4
Q

Protraction ____ the mandible

Retraction _____ the mandible

A

Extends

Shrinks

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5
Q

The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ):

A

Connects the skull to the mandible

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6
Q

What are 4 TMJ Disorders?

A

Dislocations (anterior, rarely lateral)
Fractures
Pain: disk slippage or arthritis
Crepitation (clicking sounds)

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7
Q

Bilateral Rotation
When the jaws open, it goes from ____ to ____
when the jaws close, it goes from ____ to ____

A

translation, rotation

rotation, translation

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8
Q

Incisors and the Canines are the

A

Sheering teeth

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9
Q

Unilateral Mastication
The ____ side applies force on the object
The _____ side is the counterbalance

A

Working

Balancing

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10
Q

Molars and premolars are the:

A

Grinding Teeth

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11
Q

The 3 Salivary Glands are:

A
  • Parotid
  • Sublingual
  • Submandibular
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12
Q

What is the function of the Salivary Glands?

A

Breaks down some of the starch and fats

Acts as a lubricant

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13
Q

Trachea Leads to _____

Esophagus Leads to_____

A

Lungs

Stomach

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14
Q

Which stage of deglutition is voluntary

A

Stage 01

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15
Q

Deglutition Stage 01 Voluntary

1. Tongue contacts _____, sweeps ______, pushes back _____

A

palate
posteriorly
bolus

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16
Q

Deglutition Stage 01 Voluntary

2. Hyoid _____ and _____ by _____ muscles; opens ______ _____

A

elevated and stabilized
suprahyoid
esophageal tract

17
Q

Deglutition Stage 01 Voluntary

3. Bolus pushed into _____ by elevation/retraction of _____ tongue (_.______)

A

oropharynx

posterior; (m.styloglossus)

18
Q

Deglutition Stage 02 Involuntary

4. Induced by _____ in ______

A

bolus

valleculae

19
Q

Deglutition Stage 02 Involuntary

5. Soft Palate elevated (____ ____) and tensed (___ ___ _____)

A

levator palate

tensor veli palatini

20
Q

Deglutition Stage 02 Involuntary

6. _____ complex elevated and _____, opening _____ ______ _____

A

hyolaryngeal; protracted

upper esophageal sphincter

21
Q

Deglutition Stage 03 Involuntary

7. _____ closed

A

Trachea

22
Q

Deglutition Stage 03 Involuntary

8. Epiglottis ____ (folds _____) ___degree in 1/15th sec.

A

depressed; downward

150

23
Q

Deglutition Stage 03 Involuntary

9. Middle _____ ______ compress bolus through the _____ ______ ______.

A

pharyngeal constrictors

upper esophageal sphincter

24
Q

Deglutition Stage 04 Involuntary

10. inferior ____ ____ pushes bolus into ______

A

pharyngeal constrictors

esophagus

25
Q

The appearance of the Sagittal Crest indicates:

A

that the animal had an exceptionally strong jaw muscle

26
Q

Megadontia indicates that:

A

animals had a vegetarian diet

large size indicates eating hard foods

27
Q
Australopithecus Africanus
Had the following characteristics:
\_\_\_\_\_ Temporal Fossa
\_\_\_\_\_\_ Snout
\_\_\_\_\_\_ Crest
\_\_\_\_\_\_ Robust Zygomatic
\_\_\_\_\_\_ Forehead
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Robust Mandible
A
Smaller
Larger
No
Less
Steeper
Less
28
Q
Australopithecus Robustus
Had the following characteristics:
\_\_\_\_\_ Temporal Fossa
\_\_\_\_\_\_ Snout
\_\_\_\_\_\_ Crest
\_\_\_\_\_\_ Robust Zygomatic
\_\_\_\_\_\_ Forehead
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Robust Mandible
A
Larger
Shorter
Sagittal (males)
More
Flatter
More
29
Q

Homo Habilis Had:

A

No crest and zygomatic flare

30
Q

What is the significance of the zygomatic flare?

A

supports the main jaw muscle, the masseter, which is necessary both for biting and chewing food and for speech