Lecture 15 & 16

Question 1

What are the 3 types of muscle

Answer 1

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

Question 2

striated muscle, voluntary movement, contraction regulated by the somatic n.s.

Answer 2

skeletal

Question 3

striated muscle in heart, contraction regulated by the autonomic n.s.

Answer 3

cardiac

Question 4

muscle in blood vessels, visceral tissues, contraction regulated by autonomic n.s.

Answer 4

smooth muscle

Question 5

3 layers of connective tissue membranes

Answer 5

epimysium
perimysium
endomysium

Question 6

layer of cells encasing entire muscle

Answer 6

epimysium

Question 7

layer of cells encasing a bundle of muscle fibers

Answer 7

perimysium

Question 8

layer of cells encasing individual muscle fibers

Answer 8

endomysium

Question 9

cell membrane of individual muscle fibers

repeating unit that forms the myofibrils

Answer 9

sarcolemma

Question 10

strand of interacting proteins (actin and myosin) that runs parallel to the length of the muscle

Answer 10

myofibrils

Question 11

individual sacromeres separated by

Answer 11

z-disks

Question 12

myofibrils are composed of what myofilaments (proteins)

Answer 12

thick (myosin)

thin ( 2 actin chains, trooponin, tropomyosin)

Question 13

during muscle contraction, why does the sarcomere shorten?

Answer 13

there is a greater degree of overlap btwn the thick and thin filaments - NO CHANGES IN LENGTH

Question 14

Muscle contraction needs what 3 things

Answer 14

ATP, nerve impulse (acetylcholine), and calcium

Question 15

ATP is needed to do what in the sliding filament theory

Answer 15

separate actin from myosin from the previous contraction cycle

Question 16

Myosin ATPase cleaves ATP to

Answer 16

ADP = Pi

Question 17

attached to actin filaments and tropomysin, binds calcium

Answer 17

troponin

Question 18

Ca2+ enters the cytoplasm due to

Answer 18

nerve stimulation

Question 19

powerstroke

Answer 19

when thick and thin filaments slide over each other

Question 20

smooth muscle contraction is dependent on

Answer 20

Ca2+ concentrations

Question 21

single unit smooth muscle

Answer 21

“joined” by gap junctions
coordinated contraction
GIT, small blood vessels

Question 22

multi-unit

Answer 22

cells as individual units, more direct neural control,

eyes, arteries, hair, erectors

Question 23

cardiac cells are joined together with

Answer 23

intercalated disks

Question 24

2 types of intercalated disks

Answer 24

gap junction and desmosomes

Question 25

signals form one cell can move into another

Answer 25

gap junctions

Question 26

hold cells tightly together

Answer 26

desmosomes

Question 27

relationship between membrane depolarization and contraction

Answer 27

excitation-contraction coupling

Question 28

releases Ca2+ upon membrane

Answer 28

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 29

allows membrane depolarization deep into the muscle fiber

Answer 29

T-tubles

Question 30

2 voltage gated calcium channels

Answer 30

T-tubules: DHRPs

Sarcoplasmic reticulum: RyR

Question 31

distance btwn insertion (end of the muscle that attaches to the freely moving bone) and origin (end of muscle that attaches to the “fixed” bone in the joint) shortens

Answer 31

whole-muscle contraction

Question 32

decreases joint angle

Answer 32

flexion

Question 33

increases joint angle

Answer 33

extension

Question 34

3 types of muscle fibers

Answer 34

1) slow oxidative
2) fast oxidative/glycolytic
3) fast glycolytic