Lecture 15

Question 1

What is organizational culture

Answer 1

A pattern of assumptions made by a group while solving internal and external problems

Organizational culture is not something that is already in the organization, it is something that is build.

Question 2

Mention and explain the three types of change

Answer 2

1. Natural evolutionary changes (learning for stability and culture)
   • Here you are adapting to the environment, nudging
   • Organizational learning
2. Planned and managed changes (learning for change and innovation)
   • Here you have a large learning process, you are stabilizing new ways of working
   • Planned changes: you can better control the learning process and how you want people to behave
3. Unplanned revolutionary changes (learning for change and innovation)
   • Unplanned changes: Innovations originating from external environment e.g. corona situation.

Question 3

Can you mention and explain the three stages in the change process?

Answer 3

The first stage is always to unfreeze the system.
• This is where a motivation to change is created. This is accomplished by changing the forces that act on the system. This is done by talking with your employees to avoid learning anxiety, repression, projection and defense mechanisms.

The second stage is changing: Learning new concepts, new meanings, and new standards. Here you can both you scanning or a role model to learn the new changes.

The third stage is refreezing: Internalizing new concepts, meaning, and standards
• The new behaviors must be incorporated in the personality of the individual or the culture of the group. Otherwise, the change will not hold and will only be temporarily.

Question 4

Can you explain force field analysis?

Answer 4

The force field analysis can be used to understand the forces that would help or hinder your change effort.

What forces are keeping the system in its quasi-stationary equilibrium (=the stable human system)?

1. Driving forces
   o Helping forces by driving system to desired state
   o Increasing these forces are generally easier because you are likely to have more access to them than to the retraining forces
2. Retraining forces / Resisting forces
   o Hindering forces by resisting or restraining desired state.

Question 5

Can you mention the steps in the roadmap to go digital?

Answer 5

1. Shared insights
   • About what digital solutions the company can develop that customers will pay for (this building block constantly expands knowledge of the intersection between what the company can do with digital technologies and what customers desire).
2. An operational backbone
   • That captures the company’s requirements for integration and standardization of core operational processes (this building block enforces reliability in the execution of foundational processes and integrity of company data).
3. A digital platform
   • Of reusable digital components(slices of codes) making up digital offerings(software) (this building block provides access to repositories of business, data, and infrastructure components).
4. An accountability framework
   • That allocates decision making rights to ensure both autonomy and alignment (this building block defines roles, decision rights, and processes to support speed and alignment in development and use of the digital platform).
5. An external developer platform
   • that exposes digital components to external partners (this building block provides the technology, processes, and roles enabling digital partner relationships).

Question 6

Can you mention and explain the 2 risks of digital transformation?

Answer 6

1. Dividing resources across so many building blocks that the company doesn’t make real progress on any of them
2. Becoming too focused on one or two building blocks for too long an failing to develop other building blocks that are also essential