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Lecture unit 4 exam > Lecture 14 Vessels and Circulation > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Vessels and Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Classes of Vessels

A
  1. Arteries: take blood away from heart
  2. Capillaries: tiny blood vessels where gas exchange occurs and distribution of nutrients
  3. Veins: return blood back to heart
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2
Q

Pathway of Vessels

A

arteries move blood from heart to capillaries move blood to veins, veins return blood back to heart

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3
Q

Anastomoses

A

Anastomoses : converging arteries and/or veins for the purpose of having alternative routes

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4
Q

End Arteries

A

End arteries: one pathway for blood to travel

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5
Q

Functional end arteries

A

Functional end arteries : are small anastomoses but act like end arteries still use only one path over again

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6
Q

Companion Vessels

A

Companion Vessels: corresponding vessel for an artery , an artery has a companion vessel of a vein .

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7
Q

What are Tunics

A

Layers of arteries and veins

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8
Q

what are the three tunics

A

Tunica Externa: simple squamous and areolar CT
Tunica Media: smooth muscles middle meaty part
Tunica Intima: simple squamous and areolar CT, internal layer

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9
Q

what is the function of arteries

A

Transport blood away from the heart

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10
Q

what are the characteristics of arteries

A

Thick tunica media
Contains more collagen for strength and elastic for stretching and recoil
High pressure because the blood is leaving the heart
small lumen

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11
Q

What are the three types of arteries

A
  1. Elastic arteries: biggest and most flexible
  2. Muscular arteries: are going to be majority /most common
  3. Arterioles: small arteries
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12
Q

Elastic Arteries

A

Size: largest
the artieres near heart
- Increased elastic fibers, Will have elastic because they are the largest and very close to the heart
Increase of elastic fibers make it possible for artery to keep up with the high pressure and strength for pumping blood

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13
Q

Examples of elastic arteries

A

pulmonary artery, aorta, brachiocephalic, common carotid , subclavian

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14
Q

Muscular arteries

A
  • Medium size
  • Distributing arteries because they distribute blood throughout the body (organs and tissues)
  • Thicker tunica media, less elastic fibers, more muscle, muscle artery
  • *Better vasoconstricting and vasodilation
  • *Vasoconstriction: constricting lumen lessen blood to go through
  • *Vasodilation: relax to allow blood to flow through
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15
Q

What are examples of muscular arteries

A

brachial, anterior tibial, coronary

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16
Q

Aterioles

A

Smallest
Control blood flow to capillaries
Important because they are the last part before capillaries , last part before capillaries
Capillaries do not have smooth muscle. So it can not control blood
Last point of blood control is arterioles
Vasodilate and Vasoconstriction to help regulate blood pressure

17
Q

Function of Capillaries

A
  • Function:
  • Rapid gas and nutrient exchange
  • “Functional units”
    Functional units: capillaries work together in capillary bed, capillary gives nourishment to tissues
    Only place where gas is exchanged
18
Q

Characteristics of Capillaries

A

Considered the smallest vessel, size of one rbc fits into a capillary
Only a tunica intima
Clefts: spaces in between the capillary which allow certain things to travel through
No smooth muscle only endothelium (thin layer)
Capillary bed is fed by metarteriole
Distal end is called thoroughfare channel and it has no smooth muscle
Thoroughfare channel lead to venual known as postcapillary venule
Proximal: smooth muscle

19
Q

What are the types of capillaries

A
  1. Continuous capillaries
  2. Fenestrated capillaries
  3. Sinusoids
20
Q

Continuous Capillaries

A
  • Most common
  • Tight junctions
    Tight junctions : connect cells together adhesions
21
Q

Location of Continuous Capillaries

A
  • Locations: muscles, skin, lungs, thymus, CNS
22
Q

Fenestrated Capillaires

A 
Small holes
- Allow fluid exchange
Small holes looked punctured
Holes allow for fluid exchange
Small holes looked punctured
Holes allow for fluid exchange
Think kidneys filters fluid
23
Q

Locations of Fenestrated Capillaries

A

Location: Kidneys and intestines

Think kidneys filters fluid

24
Q

Sinusoids

A

Large gaps/openings
- Allows exchange of larger materials and cells
Think process of recycling blood for this type of capillary

25
Q

Location of Sinusoids

A

Location: spleen, liver

26
Q

Function of Veins

A

Function:

  • Transport blood to the heart (Brings blood back to the heart
  • Blood reservoirs
27
Q

Characteristics of Veins

A

Lumen of veins is very big/large
Blood reservoirs, they can hold a lot of blood
Veins contain valves to help prevent back flow
Thicker Tunica Externa (outer layer )
Low pressure

28
Q

what are the two types of veins

A
  1. Venules

2. Veins

29
Q

Venules

A

Size: small

- CompSize large anion: arterioles

30
Q

What are the featres of venules

A

Postcapillary venules: what drains the capillaries,

Diapedesis: ability for WBC to migrate into the interstitial fluid,

31
Q

Veins

A

Size large

Companion vessels: muscular and elastic arteries

32
Q

Features of veins

A

Skeletal muscle pump: very efficient, both sides of the vein will have skeletal muscle, the skeletal muscle can contract, once it contracts they squeeze on vein pushing blood either upward toward heart or keeps it from going back , when relaxed it sucks blood up
Valves: promotes blood flowing upward , but can not go back

33
Q

Structures of Newborn Circulation

A
  • Ductus arteriosus
  • Ductus venosus
  • Foramen ovale
34
Q

Ductus Arteriosus

A

Ductus arteriosus is a vessel between pulmonary trunk and aorta, your not using your lungs, no need for pulmonary circulation because you get O2 blood from mother, so it is bypassed

Adult: ligamentum arteriosum, the ductus arteiosus collapses and turns into the ligamentum arteriosum

35
Q

Ductus Venosus

A

Vessel meant to bypass liver,
Fetus has no functional GI tract
Adult: ligamentum venosum

36
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

Oval shaped hole between right atrium and left atrium
why: to bypass pulmonary circulation

Adult: foramen ovale flap falls over hole and becomes an indentation on right atrium wall known as fossa ovalis

37
Q

Circulation pathway

A

Blood comes from Systemic Circulation (SVC, CS, IVC),then enters the right atrum, goes through the tricuspid valve,enters the right ventricle, right ventricle pumps it through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary trunk and arteries, goes to lungs and comes back to heart oxygenated through [aired pulmonary veins,. Then enters the left atrium and goes through the bscuspid valve, next entering the left ventricle which will eject blood through the aortic semilunar valve, goes up ascending aorta into the aortic arch and t the descending thoracic aortaback to the systemic circualtion.

Lecture unit 4 exam (3 decks)

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