Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lecture unit 4 exam > Lecture 12 Blood > Flashcards

Lecture 12 Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood

A

Fluid Connective Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does blood contain ?

A

Plasma and Formed Elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of Blood?

A
  1. Transportation: Nutrients, wastes, gasses, horomones
  2. Regulation: Body temperature, PH , Fluid volume
  3. Protection: Immune system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Blood Composition after centrifugation?

A
  1. Plasma (55%)
  2. Buffy Coat (1%)
  3. Erythrocytes (44%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the main characteristics of Plasma ?

A

it makes up 55% of blood and straw colored fluid , contains proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what proteins found in plasma ?

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Globulin
  3. Fibrinogen
  4. Regulatory Proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Albumin

A

Abundance of 58% (majority)
osmotic regulation
transport ions and hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Globulin

A

Abundance of 37%, and contains 3 types

  1. Alpha: protect lipids
  2. Beta: Protects lipids
  3. Gamma: Antibodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Abundance is 4%

blood clot formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Regulatory Proteins

A

Abundance 1%

Enzymes and hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Formed Elements

A
  1. Erythrocytes
  2. Leukocytes
  3. Platelets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the characteristics of Erythrocytes

A

44% blood
lack nuclei and organelles
biconcaved
contains hemoglobin (gas transport)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the structure of Hemoglobin?

A

red pigmented protein
4 globin proteins (2 alpha chains, 2 beta chains)
4 heme groups Fe+ (FE+ is Iron) Wharegroup for each globin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of hemoglobin?

A

Transportation O2 and CO2

o2 can bind to each heme group –> 1 hemoglobin can transport 4 O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the erythrocyte life cycle ?

A
  1. Formed in red bone marrow
  2. circulation 120 days
  3. recycled by liver and spleen ( think spliver)
    Heme –> billirubin–> bile (;iver will breakdown heme)
    –billirubin= precursor to bile
    Iron –> red bone marrow (Red bone marrow produces new blood cells)
    Proteins and membranes –> free amino acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are Red Blood cells in reference to hemoglobin

A

RBC’s are sacs of hemglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the main protein found in RBC

A

Hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why are Erythrocytes (RBC) red

A

Because they have a portion of iron in them and Iron has a red pigementation to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does hemoglobin bind to ?

A

binds to CO2 and O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

why is it important that erythrocytes are biconcave?

A

it increases surface area to allow because of hemoglobin inside the rbc

22
Q

Where are erythrocytes formed ?

A

Red bone marrow

23
Q

how long are RBC circulating for?

A

they ciruclate for days before being recycled to other components of the body

24
Q

where are they recycled at ?

A

Liver and Spleen (SPLIVER)

25
Q

What is billirubin?

A

billirubin is a precursor to bile, the liver will breakdown the Heme portion (the iron portion) and turn it into bile

26
Q

what happens to recycled iron

A

they recycled Iron is sent to red bone marrow to help in create new RBC

27
Q

What happens to recycled proteins and membranes

A

they are converted into free amino acids

28
Q

how can you tell ones blod type

A

based on the presences of the surface antigen

29
Q

What is a surface antigen ?

A

types of proteins found on the surface of the RBC

30
Q

What are the different types of blood

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. AB
  4. O
    - They can be postive or negative totaling in 8 possible blood typing options
31
Q

Gamma globulin is what in reference to blood typing ?

A

is the plasma that provided antibodies to the RBC

32
Q

Antibodies Vs Antigens

A

Whatever antigens a erythrocyte has it will have the opposite Anitbodies

33
Q

Examples of blood type antibodies and antigens

A

Blood type
A: will have antigens A, and anitbodies B
B: will have B anitgens and Antibodies A
AB: will have A &B antigens and no antibodies
O: will have no anitgens and have A and B antibodies

34
Q

Negative and positve blood typing

A

Rh antigen D

,if you have RH anitgen D thanblood type is postive and if you have no antigen D blood type is negative negative.

35
Q

Blood donating and receiving ?

A 
Rh donate blood type:
1. Positive can donate to positive 
2. Negative can donate to negative
3. Negative can donate to positive, because positive will 
    not produce antibodies
RH receiving type:
1. Negative can only receive negative
2. Positive can receive from positive and negative

-O is universal because there are no antigens on its surface

36
Q

What are Leukocytes

A

they are white blood cells

37
Q

What are Leukocytes characteristics?

A

Have nuclei and organelles
These are our nuclei Immune system
it is 1.5 to 3 times larges then a RBC

38
Q

Why do we have Leukocytes

A

Leukocyte contain organelles to help defend out immune system
they defend out body against pathogens

39
Q

Classes/ types of Leukocytes

A

Classes:

  1. Granulocytes
    1. Neutrophils
    2. Eosinophils
    3. Basophils
    * *Granulocytes is a type of Leukocyte
    • Cells with granules
    • Types all end with phils and contain granules
  2. Agranulocytes
    1. Monocytes
    2. Lymphocytes
      • *Agranulocytes
      • Without granules
        - All end with cyte
40
Q

Neutrophils

A

the most abundant about 50-70% of the WBC

Structure : Multi-lobed nucleus, cytoplasmic granules

41
Q

Function of Neutrophils ?

A

Phagocytize bacteria/pathogens

-Phagocytize (eating) bacteria and pathogens try to destroy them with the help of organelle lysosomes

42
Q

Eosinophils

A

Abundance:1-4%
Structure: Bilobed nucleus, red/orange cytoplasmic granules

43
Q

Function of Eosinophils?

A

Phagocytize allergens, destroy parasitic worms
EX: Parasitic worms can be huge IE: tape worm,
The eosinophil will bind to the parasitic worms and release granules to kill the parasite the granules will puncture holes in it

44
Q

Basophils

A

Abundance:0.5-1%, Very uncommon and rare
Structure: Dark blue violet granules
Looks like a granulated dark blob

45
Q

Function of Basophil?

A

release histamine (vasodilator) and heparin (anti-coagulant)
-Histamine: is vasodilator so it opens up (bug bites that swell up)
Heparin: anit coagulate is a blood thinner, prevent blood clotting after surgery

46
Q

Monocytes abundance and structure

A

abundance: 2-8%
Structure: 4x RBC size, bean shaped nucleus, pale cytoplasm

47
Q

Function of Monocyte

A

Monocytes can leave the blood to mature and become macrophage
Macrophages are very phagocytic with pathogens, key to immune system
Also eat cell debris

48
Q

Abundance and Structure of Lymphocyte ?

A

Abundance 20-4%

Structure : slightly larger than RBC, large dark nucleus, little cytoplasm

49
Q

Function of Lymphocyte:

A

adaptive immunity, produce antibodies

Adaptive Immunity: adapting self to attack pathogens that are foreign to the body

50
Q

Structure of Platelets

A

Irregular membrane enclosed cells fragments, ¼ size of RBCs

similar to broken pieces of plates

51
Q

Function of Platelets

A

Function:

Blood clotting to seal up a hole or wound

Lecture unit 4 exam (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions