Lecture 12 Blood Flashcards
What is blood
Fluid Connective Tissue
What does blood contain ?
Plasma and Formed Elements
What is the function of Blood?
- Transportation: Nutrients, wastes, gasses, horomones
- Regulation: Body temperature, PH , Fluid volume
- Protection: Immune system
What is Blood Composition after centrifugation?
- Plasma (55%)
- Buffy Coat (1%)
- Erythrocytes (44%)
what are the main characteristics of Plasma ?
it makes up 55% of blood and straw colored fluid , contains proteins
what proteins found in plasma ?
- Albumin
- Globulin
- Fibrinogen
- Regulatory Proteins
Albumin
Abundance of 58% (majority)
osmotic regulation
transport ions and hormones
Globulin
Abundance of 37%, and contains 3 types
- Alpha: protect lipids
- Beta: Protects lipids
- Gamma: Antibodies
Fibrinogen
Abundance is 4%
blood clot formation
Regulatory Proteins
Abundance 1%
Enzymes and hormones
Formed Elements
- Erythrocytes
- Leukocytes
- Platelets
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
What are the characteristics of Erythrocytes
44% blood
lack nuclei and organelles
biconcaved
contains hemoglobin (gas transport)
What is the structure of Hemoglobin?
red pigmented protein
4 globin proteins (2 alpha chains, 2 beta chains)
4 heme groups Fe+ (FE+ is Iron) Wharegroup for each globin
What is the function of hemoglobin?
Transportation O2 and CO2
o2 can bind to each heme group –> 1 hemoglobin can transport 4 O2
what is the erythrocyte life cycle ?
- Formed in red bone marrow
- circulation 120 days
- recycled by liver and spleen ( think spliver)
Heme –> billirubin–> bile (;iver will breakdown heme)
–billirubin= precursor to bile
Iron –> red bone marrow (Red bone marrow produces new blood cells)
Proteins and membranes –> free amino acids
what are Red Blood cells in reference to hemoglobin
RBC’s are sacs of hemglobin
What is the main protein found in RBC
Hemoglobin
Why are Erythrocytes (RBC) red
Because they have a portion of iron in them and Iron has a red pigementation to it
what does hemoglobin bind to ?
binds to CO2 and O2
why is it important that erythrocytes are biconcave?
it increases surface area to allow because of hemoglobin inside the rbc
Where are erythrocytes formed ?
Red bone marrow
how long are RBC circulating for?
they ciruclate for days before being recycled to other components of the body
where are they recycled at ?
Liver and Spleen (SPLIVER)
What is billirubin?
billirubin is a precursor to bile, the liver will breakdown the Heme portion (the iron portion) and turn it into bile
what happens to recycled iron
they recycled Iron is sent to red bone marrow to help in create new RBC
What happens to recycled proteins and membranes
they are converted into free amino acids
how can you tell ones blod type
based on the presences of the surface antigen
What is a surface antigen ?
types of proteins found on the surface of the RBC
What are the different types of blood
- A
- B
- AB
- O
- They can be postive or negative totaling in 8 possible blood typing options
Gamma globulin is what in reference to blood typing ?
is the plasma that provided antibodies to the RBC
Antibodies Vs Antigens
Whatever antigens a erythrocyte has it will have the opposite Anitbodies
Examples of blood type antibodies and antigens
Blood type
A: will have antigens A, and anitbodies B
B: will have B anitgens and Antibodies A
AB: will have A &B antigens and no antibodies
O: will have no anitgens and have A and B antibodies
Negative and positve blood typing
Rh antigen D
,if you have RH anitgen D thanblood type is postive and if you have no antigen D blood type is negative negative.
Blood donating and receiving ?
Rh donate blood type:
1. Positive can donate to positive
2. Negative can donate to negative
3. Negative can donate to positive, because positive will
not produce antibodies
RH receiving type:
1. Negative can only receive negative
2. Positive can receive from positive and negative
-O is universal because there are no antigens on its surface
What are Leukocytes
they are white blood cells
What are Leukocytes characteristics?
Have nuclei and organelles
These are our nuclei Immune system
it is 1.5 to 3 times larges then a RBC
Why do we have Leukocytes
Leukocyte contain organelles to help defend out immune system
they defend out body against pathogens
Classes/ types of Leukocytes
Classes:
- Granulocytes
1. Neutrophils
2. Eosinophils
3. Basophils
* *Granulocytes is a type of Leukocyte- Cells with granules
- Types all end with phils and contain granules
- Agranulocytes
- Monocytes
- Lymphocytes
- *Agranulocytes
- Without granules
- All end with cyte
Neutrophils
the most abundant about 50-70% of the WBC
Structure : Multi-lobed nucleus, cytoplasmic granules
Function of Neutrophils ?
Phagocytize bacteria/pathogens
-Phagocytize (eating) bacteria and pathogens try to destroy them with the help of organelle lysosomes
Eosinophils
Abundance:1-4%
Structure: Bilobed nucleus, red/orange cytoplasmic granules
Function of Eosinophils?
Phagocytize allergens, destroy parasitic worms
EX: Parasitic worms can be huge IE: tape worm,
The eosinophil will bind to the parasitic worms and release granules to kill the parasite the granules will puncture holes in it
Basophils
Abundance:0.5-1%, Very uncommon and rare
Structure: Dark blue violet granules
Looks like a granulated dark blob
Function of Basophil?
release histamine (vasodilator) and heparin (anti-coagulant)
-Histamine: is vasodilator so it opens up (bug bites that swell up)
Heparin: anit coagulate is a blood thinner, prevent blood clotting after surgery
Monocytes abundance and structure
abundance: 2-8%
Structure: 4x RBC size, bean shaped nucleus, pale cytoplasm
Function of Monocyte
Monocytes can leave the blood to mature and become macrophage
Macrophages are very phagocytic with pathogens, key to immune system
Also eat cell debris
Abundance and Structure of Lymphocyte ?
Abundance 20-4%
Structure : slightly larger than RBC, large dark nucleus, little cytoplasm
Function of Lymphocyte:
adaptive immunity, produce antibodies
Adaptive Immunity: adapting self to attack pathogens that are foreign to the body
Structure of Platelets
Irregular membrane enclosed cells fragments, ¼ size of RBCs
similar to broken pieces of plates
Function of Platelets
Function:
Blood clotting to seal up a hole or wound
