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Lecture unit 4 exam > Lecture 12 Blood > Flashcards

Lecture 12 Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood

A

Fluid Connective Tissue

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2
Q

What does blood contain ?

A

Plasma and Formed Elements

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3
Q

What is the function of Blood?

A
  1. Transportation: Nutrients, wastes, gasses, horomones
  2. Regulation: Body temperature, PH , Fluid volume
  3. Protection: Immune system
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4
Q

What is Blood Composition after centrifugation?

A
  1. Plasma (55%)
  2. Buffy Coat (1%)
  3. Erythrocytes (44%)
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5
Q

what are the main characteristics of Plasma ?

A

it makes up 55% of blood and straw colored fluid , contains proteins

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6
Q

what proteins found in plasma ?

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Globulin
  3. Fibrinogen
  4. Regulatory Proteins
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7
Q

Albumin

A

Abundance of 58% (majority)
osmotic regulation
transport ions and hormones

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8
Q

Globulin

A

Abundance of 37%, and contains 3 types

  1. Alpha: protect lipids
  2. Beta: Protects lipids
  3. Gamma: Antibodies
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9
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Abundance is 4%

blood clot formation

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10
Q

Regulatory Proteins

A

Abundance 1%

Enzymes and hormones

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11
Q

Formed Elements

A
  1. Erythrocytes
  2. Leukocytes
  3. Platelets
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12
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Erythrocytes

A

44% blood
lack nuclei and organelles
biconcaved
contains hemoglobin (gas transport)

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14
Q

What is the structure of Hemoglobin?

A

red pigmented protein
4 globin proteins (2 alpha chains, 2 beta chains)
4 heme groups Fe+ (FE+ is Iron) Wharegroup for each globin

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15
Q

What is the function of hemoglobin?

A

Transportation O2 and CO2

o2 can bind to each heme group –> 1 hemoglobin can transport 4 O2

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16
Q

what is the erythrocyte life cycle ?

A
  1. Formed in red bone marrow
  2. circulation 120 days
  3. recycled by liver and spleen ( think spliver)
    Heme –> billirubin–> bile (;iver will breakdown heme)
    –billirubin= precursor to bile
    Iron –> red bone marrow (Red bone marrow produces new blood cells)
    Proteins and membranes –> free amino acids
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17
Q

what are Red Blood cells in reference to hemoglobin

A

RBC’s are sacs of hemglobin

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18
Q

What is the main protein found in RBC

A

Hemoglobin

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19
Q

Why are Erythrocytes (RBC) red

A

Because they have a portion of iron in them and Iron has a red pigementation to it

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20
Q

what does hemoglobin bind to ?

A

binds to CO2 and O2

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21
Q

why is it important that erythrocytes are biconcave?

A

it increases surface area to allow because of hemoglobin inside the rbc

22
Q

Where are erythrocytes formed ?

A

Red bone marrow

23
Q

how long are RBC circulating for?

A

they ciruclate for days before being recycled to other components of the body

24
Q

where are they recycled at ?

A

Liver and Spleen (SPLIVER)

25
What is billirubin?
billirubin is a precursor to bile, the liver will breakdown the Heme portion (the iron portion) and turn it into bile
26
what happens to recycled iron
they recycled Iron is sent to red bone marrow to help in create new RBC
27
What happens to recycled proteins and membranes
they are converted into free amino acids
28
how can you tell ones blod type
based on the presences of the surface antigen
29
What is a surface antigen ?
types of proteins found on the surface of the RBC
30
What are the different types of blood
1. A 2. B 3. AB 4. O - They can be postive or negative totaling in 8 possible blood typing options
31
Gamma globulin is what in reference to blood typing ?
is the plasma that provided antibodies to the RBC
32
Antibodies Vs Antigens
Whatever antigens a erythrocyte has it will have the opposite Anitbodies
33
Examples of blood type antibodies and antigens
Blood type A: will have antigens A, and anitbodies B B: will have B anitgens and Antibodies A AB: will have A &B antigens and no antibodies O: will have no anitgens and have A and B antibodies
34
Negative and positve blood typing
Rh antigen D | ,if you have RH anitgen D thanblood type is postive and if you have no antigen D blood type is negative negative.
35
Blood donating and receiving ?
``` Rh donate blood type: 1. Positive can donate to positive 2. Negative can donate to negative 3. Negative can donate to positive, because positive will not produce antibodies RH receiving type: 1. Negative can only receive negative 2. Positive can receive from positive and negative ``` -O is universal because there are no antigens on its surface
36
What are Leukocytes
they are white blood cells
37
What are Leukocytes characteristics?
Have nuclei and organelles These are our nuclei Immune system it is 1.5 to 3 times larges then a RBC
38
Why do we have Leukocytes
Leukocyte contain organelles to help defend out immune system they defend out body against pathogens
39
Classes/ types of Leukocytes
Classes: 1. Granulocytes 1. Neutrophils 2. Eosinophils 3. Basophils * *Granulocytes is a type of Leukocyte - Cells with granules - Types all end with phils and contain granules 2. Agranulocytes 1. Monocytes 2. Lymphocytes * *Agranulocytes - Without granules - All end with cyte
40
Neutrophils
the most abundant about 50-70% of the WBC | Structure : Multi-lobed nucleus, cytoplasmic granules
41
Function of Neutrophils ?
Phagocytize bacteria/pathogens | -Phagocytize (eating) bacteria and pathogens try to destroy them with the help of organelle lysosomes
42
Eosinophils
Abundance:1-4% Structure: Bilobed nucleus, red/orange cytoplasmic granules
43
Function of Eosinophils?
Phagocytize allergens, destroy parasitic worms EX: Parasitic worms can be huge IE: tape worm, The eosinophil will bind to the parasitic worms and release granules to kill the parasite the granules will puncture holes in it
44
Basophils
Abundance:0.5-1%, Very uncommon and rare Structure: Dark blue violet granules Looks like a granulated dark blob
45
Function of Basophil?
release histamine (vasodilator) and heparin (anti-coagulant) -Histamine: is vasodilator so it opens up (bug bites that swell up) Heparin: anit coagulate is a blood thinner, prevent blood clotting after surgery
46
Monocytes abundance and structure
abundance: 2-8% Structure: 4x RBC size, bean shaped nucleus, pale cytoplasm
47
Function of Monocyte
Monocytes can leave the blood to mature and become macrophage Macrophages are very phagocytic with pathogens, key to immune system Also eat cell debris
48
Abundance and Structure of Lymphocyte ?
Abundance 20-4% | Structure : slightly larger than RBC, large dark nucleus, little cytoplasm
49
Function of Lymphocyte:
adaptive immunity, produce antibodies | Adaptive Immunity: adapting self to attack pathogens that are foreign to the body
50
Structure of Platelets
Irregular membrane enclosed cells fragments, ¼ size of RBCs | similar to broken pieces of plates
51
Function of Platelets
Function: | Blood clotting to seal up a hole or wound

Lecture unit 4 exam (3 decks)

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