Lecture 14 - Forelimb Conditions in Dogs and Cats Flashcards
how do scapulohumeral medial luxations occur in toy breed dogs
congenital
“congenital” or acquired medial luxations of the scapulohumeral joint are typically seen in
usually older dogs (> 7 years)
what dictates success of reduction of a medial scapulohumeral luxation?
dictated by the integrity or conformation of the glenoid cavity - but it will often reluxate
what is the treatment of a medial scapulohumeral luxation?
surgical: transect the transverse humeral ligament. remove the tendon of the biceps from that grove and place it MEDIALLY to support the medial side of the joint, secure with a pin on the medial side.
lateral luxation of the scapulohumeral joint occurs in what type of dogs?
large breed dogs due to major trauma - high impact
how do you diagnose lateral luxation of the scapulohumeral joint?
requires craniocaudal radiograph
lateral luxation of the scapulohumeral joint means a loss of integrity of the _____, ______, _______
- infraspinatus muscle
- lateral glenohumeral ligament
- lateral joint capsule
what is the tx for bicipital tenosynovitis?
can initially treat with one intra-articular steroid injection
most successful –> bicipital tendon release (with or without transposition of the origin). its more comfortable if you completely transect it - but not for athletes
what is the second most common luxation after hip luxations?
elbow luxations!
in traumatic elbow luxations, which bones are luxated?
the radius and ulna are displaced LATERALLY!
how do you diagnose traumatic elbow luxations?
obtain orthogonal view radiographs: you cannot evaluate from the lateral radiograph, you need the c/c view.
how do you treat traumatic elbow luxations?
- under anesthesia
- first you FLEX FLEX FLEX the elbow to relocate the anconeal process underneath the capitulum (humerus) and slide it back into hte olecranon fossa (humerus).
- then use the anconeal process as a fulcrum to roll the radial head in (medially).
- coapt limb in EXTENSION via a spica splint
how should you coapt a traumatic elbow luxation
in EXTENSION via a spica splint
this locks the anoconeal process into place to stabilize
how do you treat a congenital elbow luxation
EARLY EARLY EARLY surgical intervention! its the only chance of success!
where do most angular limb deformities occur?
in the antebrachium because the shape of the growth plate and paired bone system have to work together
which part of the ulna is responsible for most of its bone growth?
the distal ulnar physis is responsible for 85% of ulnar growth
which part of the radius is responsible for most of the its growth?
the distal radial physis is responsible for 60% of the radial growth
with acute trauma in a skeletally immature animal, what should you make the owner very aware of?
owner must be warned for the potential of growth disturbances following any trauma to the appendicular skeleton in an immature animal
how do you treat angular limb deformities?
in the skeletally immature dog: involvement of adjacent growth plates (cut the offending bone, so the normal bone can drag the damaged bone out to an appropriate length. goal is to spare the elbow)
in a skeletally mature dog - do a definitive correction
in what type of dog do we typically see carpal hyperextension injuries?
hunting dogs! and dobermans
what causes carpal hyperextension injuries?
rupture of the palmar fibrocartilage and ventral carpal ligaments
how do we treat carpal hyperextension injuries?
we do either a partial carpal, or pancarpal arthrodesis.
coaptation DOES NOT work!! individual ligament repair does not work either
how do we define the level of instability in a carpal hyperextension injury?
take a stress view radiograph
what is causes hyperextension of the limb, adduction of the elbow, and abduction of the paw?
infraspinutus contracture
