LECTURE 14: epidemiology

Question 1

define epidemiology

Answer 1

the study of the occurrence and distribution of health related events, states or processes in specified populations

Question 2

two important patterns of health distribution in NZ

Answer 2

1. ethnicity

2. socioeconomic status

Question 3

what is NZDep?

Answer 3

new zealand deprivation index

Question 4

describe NZDep

Answer 4

• area based measure of deprivation
• areas of 100-200 people
• applies to everyone

Question 5

scores of an NZDep and what they mean

Answer 5

• deciles: one is an area with least deprived score, ten is an area with the most deprived score

(opposite to school deciles)

Question 6

positives of NZDep

Answer 6

• considers a range of aspects
• can be used for everyone
• can be determined from address

Question 7

absolute poverty

Answer 7

• Income level below which a minimum nutritionally adequate diet plus essential non-food requirements is not affordable.
• The amount of income a person, family, or group needs to
  purchase an absolute amount of the basic necessities of life”

Question 8

relative poverty

Answer 8

• The amount of income a person, family, or group needs to purchase a relative amount of basic necessities of life; these basic necessities are identified relative to each society and
  economy

Question 9

pros and cons of NZDep?

Answer 9

• Neighbourhood measure not an individual measure
• Incorporates a range of aspects but not everything
• Not a label
• Measures relative socioeconomic deprivation
• Complexity behind the measure

Question 10

social gradient pattern

Answer 10

poor health increases as deprivation increases

Question 11

Low SES leads to

Answer 11

poor quality housing (cold, mould) which can lead to health conditions (respiratory, rheumatic heart disease)

Question 12

social determinants of health

Answer 12

The social determinants of health are the conditions in
which people are born, grow, live, work and age, and the wider set of
forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life.

Question 13

what is population health?

Answer 13

the health outcomes of a group of individuals including the distribution of such outcomes within the group

Question 14

assessing socioeconomic status

Answer 14

• occupation
• income
• education
• living standard measures

Question 15

occupation as socioeconomic status

Answer 15

• Non-workers?
• Classification of jobs?
• People changing occupations?

Question 16

income as socioeconomic status

Answer 16

• Gross or net income

- Individual or household?

Question 17

education as socioeconomic status

Answer 17

• Highest qualification
• Easy to remember
• Relatively stable

Question 18

living standard measures as socioeconomic status

Answer 18

• Economic living standard index (ELSI)

- Survey, range of aspects

Question 19

ELSI

Answer 19

Economic living standard index

Question 20

factors for social determinants of health

Answer 20

• individual lifestyle
• social and community influences
• living and working conditions
• general socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions

Question 21

individual lifestyle factors

Answer 21

smoking
alcohol
diet
physical activity

Question 22

social and community influences

Answer 22

• what others do in the community

- neighbourhood?

Question 23

living and working conditions

Answer 23

• housing?
• employed?
• type of work?

Question 24

general socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions

Answer 24

• socio-economic factors at a national level?

- air quality?