Lecture 14: Coronary Artery Disease Flashcards
What are the two major coronary arteries?
Right and Left Coronary Artery
The Coronary Arteries transverse the ______ and ____ several times
Epicardium;
Branch
Right Coronary Artery:
It originates from the ______ behind the right aortic ____, travels behind the _____ ______, and extends around the right heart to the heart’s _____ surface, where it branches to the _____ and the _______
ostium
cusp; pulmonary artery
posterior
atrium; ventricle
What are they 3 major branches of the right coronary artery?
1) Conus
2) Right Marginal Branch
3) Posterior Descending Branch
Left Coronary Artery:
Arises from a single ______ behind the left ____ of the ____ _____ ______
ostium, cusp
aortic semilunar valve
Left Anterior Descending Artery:
Delivers blood to portions of the left and right ____ and much of the ______ ______
ventricles;
interventricular septum
Left Anterior Descending Artery:
The left anterior descending artery travels down the _____ ______ of the _________ _______ toward the ______ of the heart
anterior surface; interventricular septum
apex
Circumflex Artery:
Travels in the ______ ____, which separates the ____ _____ from the _____ _____, to the left boarder of the heart
coronary sulcus
left atrium; left ventricle
Circumflex Artery:
Supplies blood to the left _____ and the ____ ____ of the left ventricle
atrium; lateral wall
Circumflex Artery:
Often branches to the _____ surface to the _____ _____ and _____ _____
posterior
Left Atrium, Left Ventricle
Coronary Capillaries:
The heart has an extensive ____ ______. with approximately ______ capillaries per square millimeter or about ____ capillary per muscle cell
capillary network
3300
1
_____ of the cardiac muscles dramatically affect ____ _____ in the capillaries
Alterations
blood flow
Coronary Veins:
After passing through the extensive capillary network, blood from the _____ _____ drains into the _____ _____, which travel alongside the ______
Coronary arteries
cardiac veins
arteries
Matching of Flow to Needs
Under normal circumstances, the _____ muscle does receive adequate ___ _____ to support its activities, even during ____, when the rate of coronary blood flow increases up to ____ times its resting rate
cardiac
Blood flow
exercise
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Nutrient Supply to the Heart
The heart has little ability to support its ______ needs by means of ______ metabolism and must rely heavily on its ____ supply
energetic
anaerobic
O2
Nutrient Supply to the Heart
As fuel sources go, the heart primarily uses ___ _____ ____ and, to a lesser extent, ____ and _____, depending on their availability
free fatty acids
Glucose and Lactate
Diseases of the Whole Heart
_____ _____ _____, Myocardial _____ and Myocardial ______ form a pathophysiologic continuum that impairs the _____ ability of the heart by depriving the heart muscle of ______ ______ _____ and nutrients.
Coronary Artery Disease Ischemia Infarction Pumping Blood Borne Oxygen
Risk factors for CAD can be categorized as:
______ (major) vs ______ (minor)
_______ versus non-_______
Conventional; non traditional
modifiable (for both)
Risk Factors:
Conventional or major risk factors for CAD that are nonmodifiable include:
(3)
1) Advanced Age
2) Male gender or women after menopause
3) Family History
Modifiable Major Risk Factors include:
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1) Dyslipidemia
2) Hypertension
3) Cigarette Smoking
4) Diabetes and Insulin Resistance
5) Obesity
6) Sedentary Life-Style
7) Atherogenic Diet
Dyslipidemia
Strong link between CAD and ALTERED plasma lipoprotein concentrations is well documented.
T/F
True
Dyslipidemia
The term _______ refers to lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, and triglycerides bound to ____ _____
lipoprotein
carrier proteins
Total Cholesterol
Less than 200 mg/dL: ______
200-239 mg/dL: _______
Higher than 240 mg/dL:_____ _____ _____
Desirable
Borderline
High Blood Cholesterol
HDL
Less than 40 mg/dL (for men) or less than 50 mg/dL (for women)____ ____ _____
60 mg/dL and above: ___ _____ _____
Low HDL cholesterol
High HDL cholesterol
