Lecture 13: Organ Blood Flow Special Circulation

Question 1

What is “Basal Flow?”

Answer 1

Blood flow that is measured under basal conditions

Question 2

Basal Flow:

When a person is in a ____,_____ state, and normal _____ and humidity

Answer 2

Fasted, resting

temperature

Question 3

Basal Flow:
The ratio of basal flow to maximal flow is a measure of vascular tone.
T/F

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What are “Tissue Factors?”

Answer 4

Substances produced by the tissue surrounding the blood vessels.

Question 5

What is a “Paracrine Hormone?”

Name some hormones

Answer 5

hormone which has effect only in the vicinity of the gland secreting it.
- Somatostatin and Histamine

Question 6

What is an “Endocrine Hormone?”

Name some hormones

Answer 6

glands which secrete hormones or other products directly into the blood.
- Estrogen and Androgens

Question 7

What is an “Autocrine Hormone?”

Name some hormones.

Answer 7

A hormone produced by a cell that acts on itself or its immediate neighbors
- Prostaglandins

Question 8

What are 7 of the Metabolic substances?

Answer 8

• Adenosine
• Inorganic Phosphate
• Carbon Dioxide
• Hydrogen Ions
• Potassium Ions
• Oxygen
• Osmolarity

Question 9

Endothelial Factors:
An important Paracrine function in the regulation of smooth muscle tone and organ blood flow which is released by:
(4)

Answer 9

• Circulating hormones
• Sheering Forces
• Hypoxia
• Drugs

Question 10

Nitric Oxide:

Involved in “______ ______ ______”

Answer 10

Flow dependent vasodilation

Question 11

Nitric Oxide:

an increase in flow (____ _____) stimulates ____ NO production, leading to vasodilation (____)

Answer 11

Shear Force; endothelial

EDRF

Question 12

What is “EDRF?”

Answer 12

Endothelium Derived- Relaxing Factors

Question 13

Endothelian causes Vasoconstriction.

T/F

Answer 13

False, it cases vasodilation

Question 14

What is “EDHF?”

what does it cause

Answer 14

• Endothelium Derived- Hyperpolarizing Factors

- Vasodilation

Question 15

Myogenic Mechanisms:

Myogenic (____ muscle) mechanisms originate within the ____ muscle of ____ _____.

Answer 15

Smooth

Smooth; Blood Vessels

Question 16

Extravascular Compression:

Mechanical _____ forces affect vascular resistance and ____ ____ within organs

Answer 16

compressive

blood flow

Question 17

What is “Autoregulation?”

Answer 17

process within many biological systems, resulting from an internal adaptive mechanism that works to adjust (or mitigate) that system’s response to stimuli

Question 18

What is the formula for Blood flow?

Answer 18

F = (Pa -Pv) / R where:

• F = Blood Flow
• (Pa -Pv) = perfusion
• R = Resistance

Question 19

What is “Reactive Hyperemia?”

Answer 19

Temporary increase in blood flow to an area after a period of arterial occlusion.

Question 20

What is “Active Hyperemia?”

Answer 20

increase in organ blood flow that is associated with increased metabolic activity of an organ or tissue.

Question 21

What does “MODS” stand for?

What does it mean?

Answer 21

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

- is altered organ function in an acutely ill patient requiring medical intervention to perform homeostasis

Question 22

What is “Septic Shock?”

Answer 22

a serious medical condition caused by decreased tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery as a result of infection and sepsis

Question 23

What is the mortality rate from septic shock?

Answer 23

50%

Question 24

What is “Acute Renal Failure?” (ARF)

Answer 24

sudden damage to the kidneys that causes them to not work properly. It can range from minor loss of kidney function to complete kidney failure

Question 25

What are the 3 causes of Acute Renal Failure?

Answer 25

1) Prerenal 2) Intrarenal 3) Postrenal

Question 26

What happens in the "Prerenal?"

Answer 26

- Sudden and severe drop in blood pressure (shock) | - interruption of blood flow to the kidneys from severe injury or illness

Question 27

What happens in the "Intrarenal?" | hint: 5 reasons for damage

Answer 27

- Direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection or reduced blood supply

Question 28

What happens in the "Postrenal?" | hint: 4 causes of this

Answer 28

- Sudden obstruction of urine flow due to enlarged prostate, kidney stones, bladder tumor or injury

Question 29

What is "Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?"

Answer 29

acute injury to the lung, commonly resulting from sepsis, trauma, and severe pulmonary infections

Question 30

What is "Congestive Heart Failure?"

Answer 30

- chronic progressive condition that affects the pumping power of your heart muscles - refers to the stage in which fluid builds up around the heart and causes it to pump inefficiently

Question 31

What are 3 causes of Liver Failure?

Answer 31

1) Fatty Liver 2) Liver Fibrosis 3) Cirrhosis

Question 32

Cerebral Circulation: The brain is highly _____ organ Consumes almost ____ of resting total body oxygen consumption

Answer 32

oxidative | 20%

Question 33

Cerebral Circulation: | What are the 4 major arteries that circulates the brain

Answer 33

- Left and Right Carotid | - Left and Right Vertebral

Question 34

Cerebral Circulation: Because the _____ circulation is located in the right ____, changes in intracranial pressure can have big effect on ______

Answer 34

cerebral cranium perfusion

Question 35

Cerebral Circulation: | What 3 factors can prevent perfusion?

Answer 35

1) Cerebral vascular hemorrhage 2) Brain Edema 3) Tumor Growth

Question 36

Cerebral Circulation: | ICP is increased by:

Answer 36

Intracranial bleeding Cerebral edema Tumor

Question 37

Cerebral Circulation: | Increased ICP causes:

Answer 37

- Collapsed Veins - Decreased effective CPP - Reduces Blood flow

Question 38

Cerebral Circulation: | CPP = ??

Answer 38

MAP - ICP

Question 39

Skeletal Muscle Circulation: The primary function of skeletal muscle is to ____ and _____ mechanical forces to provide support to the skeleton and produce ______

Answer 39

contract; generate | movement

Question 40

What happens at the "Alveolar-Capillary Unit?"

Answer 40

- Site of gas exchange - 300 million alveoli - very thin blood layer - brings in CO2 and releases O2

Question 41

What are some important functions of the Pulmonary system? | 3

Answer 41

- ventilation - diffusion - Perfusion

Question 42

The relationship between ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q) is expressed as the ratio:

Answer 42

V/Q | which equal 0.8

Question 43

This part of the lungs are the most dependent and are the best at ventilation and perfusion

Answer 43

The bases

Question 44

what is the role of the liver in terms of vascular functions?

Answer 44

formation of lymph and hepatic phagocytic system

Question 45

What is the role of the liver in terms of metabolic achievement?

Answer 45

control of synthesis and utilization of carbs, lipids and proteins

Question 46

What is the role of the liver in terms of Secretory and Excretory functions?

Answer 46

Synthesis of secretion of bile

Question 47

Renal Circulation: | Approximately ______ of the CO perfuses the _____

Answer 47

20%; kidney

Question 48

Renal Circulation: | Renal Blood flow is ~

Answer 48

400 ml/min/100g

Question 49

Renal Circulation: This blood flow is the HIGHEST amount of any major blood organ. T/F

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Why does Renal blood flow is the high?

Answer 50

because of the primary function of the kidney to filer blood and form urine

Question 51

Most of the filtering takes plain in the_____

Answer 51

cortex

Question 52

This percentage of blood flow supplies the cortex?

Answer 52

90