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PSIO 485 Exam 03 > Lecture 13: Organ Blood Flow Special Circulation > Flashcards

Lecture 13: Organ Blood Flow Special Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is “Basal Flow?”

A

Blood flow that is measured under basal conditions

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2
Q

Basal Flow:

When a person is in a ____,_____ state, and normal _____ and humidity

A

Fasted, resting

temperature

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3
Q

Basal Flow:
The ratio of basal flow to maximal flow is a measure of vascular tone.
T/F

A

True

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4
Q

What are “Tissue Factors?”

A

Substances produced by the tissue surrounding the blood vessels.

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5
Q

What is a “Paracrine Hormone?”

Name some hormones

A

hormone which has effect only in the vicinity of the gland secreting it.
- Somatostatin and Histamine

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6
Q

What is an “Endocrine Hormone?”

Name some hormones

A

glands which secrete hormones or other products directly into the blood.
- Estrogen and Androgens

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7
Q

What is an “Autocrine Hormone?”

Name some hormones.

A

A hormone produced by a cell that acts on itself or its immediate neighbors
- Prostaglandins

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8
Q

What are 7 of the Metabolic substances?

A
  • Adenosine
  • Inorganic Phosphate
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Hydrogen Ions
  • Potassium Ions
  • Oxygen
  • Osmolarity
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9
Q

Endothelial Factors:
An important Paracrine function in the regulation of smooth muscle tone and organ blood flow which is released by:
(4)

A
  • Circulating hormones
  • Sheering Forces
  • Hypoxia
  • Drugs
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10
Q

Nitric Oxide:

Involved in “______ ______ ______”

A

Flow dependent vasodilation

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11
Q

Nitric Oxide:

an increase in flow (____ _____) stimulates ____ NO production, leading to vasodilation (____)

A

Shear Force; endothelial

EDRF

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12
Q

What is “EDRF?”

A

Endothelium Derived- Relaxing Factors

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13
Q

Endothelian causes Vasoconstriction.

T/F

A

False, it cases vasodilation

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14
Q

What is “EDHF?”

what does it cause

A
  • Endothelium Derived- Hyperpolarizing Factors

- Vasodilation

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15
Q

Myogenic Mechanisms:

Myogenic (____ muscle) mechanisms originate within the ____ muscle of ____ _____.

A

Smooth

Smooth; Blood Vessels

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16
Q

Extravascular Compression:

Mechanical _____ forces affect vascular resistance and ____ ____ within organs

A

compressive

blood flow

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17
Q

What is “Autoregulation?”

A

process within many biological systems, resulting from an internal adaptive mechanism that works to adjust (or mitigate) that system’s response to stimuli

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18
Q

What is the formula for Blood flow?

A

F = (Pa -Pv) / R where:

  • F = Blood Flow
  • (Pa -Pv) = perfusion
  • R = Resistance
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19
Q

What is “Reactive Hyperemia?”

A

Temporary increase in blood flow to an area after a period of arterial occlusion.

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20
Q

What is “Active Hyperemia?”

A

increase in organ blood flow that is associated with increased metabolic activity of an organ or tissue.

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21
Q

What does “MODS” stand for?

What does it mean?

A

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

- is altered organ function in an acutely ill patient requiring medical intervention to perform homeostasis

22
Q

What is “Septic Shock?”

A

a serious medical condition caused by decreased tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery as a result of infection and sepsis

23
Q

What is the mortality rate from septic shock?

A

50%

24
Q

What is “Acute Renal Failure?” (ARF)

A

sudden damage to the kidneys that causes them to not work properly. It can range from minor loss of kidney function to complete kidney failure

25
Q

What are the 3 causes of Acute Renal Failure?

A

1) Prerenal
2) Intrarenal
3) Postrenal

26
Q

What happens in the “Prerenal?”

A
  • Sudden and severe drop in blood pressure (shock)

- interruption of blood flow to the kidneys from severe injury or illness

27
Q

What happens in the “Intrarenal?”

hint: 5 reasons for damage

A
  • Direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection or reduced blood supply
28
Q

What happens in the “Postrenal?”

hint: 4 causes of this

A
  • Sudden obstruction of urine flow due to enlarged prostate, kidney stones, bladder tumor or injury
29
Q

What is “Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?”

A

acute injury to the lung, commonly resulting from sepsis, trauma, and severe pulmonary infections

30
Q

What is “Congestive Heart Failure?”

A
  • chronic progressive condition that affects the pumping power of your heart muscles
  • refers to the stage in which fluid builds up around the heart and causes it to pump inefficiently
31
Q

What are 3 causes of Liver Failure?

A

1) Fatty Liver
2) Liver Fibrosis
3) Cirrhosis

32
Q

Cerebral Circulation:
The brain is highly _____ organ
Consumes almost ____ of resting total body oxygen consumption

A

oxidative

20%

33
Q

Cerebral Circulation:

What are the 4 major arteries that circulates the brain

A
  • Left and Right Carotid

- Left and Right Vertebral

34
Q

Cerebral Circulation:
Because the _____ circulation is located in the right ____, changes in intracranial pressure can have big effect on ______

A

cerebral
cranium
perfusion

35
Q

Cerebral Circulation:

What 3 factors can prevent perfusion?

A

1) Cerebral vascular hemorrhage
2) Brain Edema
3) Tumor Growth

36
Q

Cerebral Circulation:

ICP is increased by:

A

Intracranial bleeding
Cerebral edema
Tumor

37
Q

Cerebral Circulation:

Increased ICP causes:

A
  • Collapsed Veins
  • Decreased effective CPP
  • Reduces Blood flow
38
Q

Cerebral Circulation:

CPP = ??

A

MAP - ICP

39
Q

Skeletal Muscle Circulation:
The primary function of skeletal muscle is to ____ and _____ mechanical forces to provide support to the skeleton and produce ______

A

contract; generate

movement

40
Q

What happens at the “Alveolar-Capillary Unit?”

A
  • Site of gas exchange
  • 300 million alveoli
  • very thin blood layer
  • brings in CO2 and releases O2
41
Q

What are some important functions of the Pulmonary system?

3

A
  • ventilation
  • diffusion
  • Perfusion
42
Q

The relationship between ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q) is expressed as the ratio:

A

V/Q

which equal 0.8

43
Q

This part of the lungs are the most dependent and are the best at ventilation and perfusion

A

The bases

44
Q

what is the role of the liver in terms of vascular functions?

A

formation of lymph and hepatic phagocytic system

45
Q

What is the role of the liver in terms of metabolic achievement?

A

control of synthesis and utilization of carbs, lipids and proteins

46
Q

What is the role of the liver in terms of Secretory and Excretory functions?

A

Synthesis of secretion of bile

47
Q

Renal Circulation:

Approximately ______ of the CO perfuses the _____

A

20%; kidney

48
Q

Renal Circulation:

Renal Blood flow is ~

A

400 ml/min/100g

49
Q

Renal Circulation:
This blood flow is the HIGHEST amount of any major blood organ.
T/F

A

True

50
Q

Why does Renal blood flow is the high?

A

because of the primary function of the kidney to filer blood and form urine

51
Q

Most of the filtering takes plain in the_____

A

cortex

52
Q

This percentage of blood flow supplies the cortex?

A

90

PSIO 485 Exam 03 (3 decks)

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