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Body logistics > Lecture 14 cartilage and bone > Flashcards

Lecture 14 cartilage and bone Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cells that all specialised cells come from called ?

A

Mesenchymal stem cells

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

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3
Q

Give 2 facts that are common to all types of cartilage

A

All have matrix containing proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid.
All have chondrocytes

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4
Q

What types of cells are in hyaline cartilage?

A

Chondroytes only

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5
Q

How are cells in hyaline cartilage arranged?

A

Single or if they’ve recently divided in small clusters called isogrnous groups.

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6
Q

What is the role of hyaline cartilage in fatal development?

A

Precursor to bones that develope by endochondrsl ossification

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7
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage in adults?

A 
Rib cage
Nose
Trachea
Bronchioles
Larynx
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8
Q

What is the role of chondrocytes in hyaline cartilage?

A

To produce and maintain the extracellualr matrix

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9
Q

Describe extracellualr matrix in hyaline cartilage

A

Solid and but pilsble as very watery and water is non compressible .
Also contains hysluromic acid which draws water in

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10
Q

How are chondrocytes made?

A

They are mature specialised cells and so cannot proliferate. Pericondrocytes make chondroblasts which turn into chondrocytes

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11
Q

What are the white sections in this photo

A

Each chondrocytes lies in a lacuna the white shrinkage ways from the lacuna walls

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12
Q

How do chondrocytes lay down extracellualr matrix

A

They make many vesicles causing them to grow until they burst releasing content

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13
Q

What are the 2 types of hyaline cartilage growth

A

Appositional- from one side to the other

Interstitial growth- in both directions

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14
Q

What does hyaline cartilage do in the tracheal esll

A

Keeps airways open allowing gaseous exchange

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15
Q

What happens if the hyaline cartilage on articular surfaces is damaged

A

Cannot repair damage as stopped dividing so fibroblasts lay down scar tissue. A loss of mobility and pain occures

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16
Q

What types of cells are in elastic cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes only (but also elastic fibres)

17
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

External ear, Eustachian tube and epiglottis

18
Q

How can you I identify elastic cartilage from a photo and what has happened

A

Cells have no nucleus so white spaces in the middle of cells. This’s because they’ve released elastin fibres into the extracellualr matrix

19
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

Intervertebral discs
Meniscus of knee joint
Pubic symphysis

20
Q

How are cells arranged in fibrocartilage?

A

Cells are in rows with no surrounding perichondrium have streaks if collagen and hyaline cartilage

21
Q

What does fibrocartilage do?

A

Acts as a shock absorber especially to shearing force

22
Q

What at the ends of femurs

A

Growth plates of hyaline cartilage only up to around 24

23
Q

Where are osteocytes found?

A

In the middle of bone

24
Q

What’s the difference between osteoblasts and osteocytes

A

Osteocytes are where osteoblasts have layers down collagen fibres, these become oestofied and turn into bone trapping the osteoblasts which is now called an osteocytes.

25
Q

What is bone matrix made up of ?

A 
Inorganic component which resists bending and compression. 
Organic component (e.g. collagen 1) which resists pulling and tension forces
26
Q

What’s the difference between rheumatoid and osteoarthritis?

A

RA- autoimmune disease causing damage to both bone and cartilage and inflammation.
OA- age related narrowing of joint space from wear and tear.

27
Q

What do osteoblasts do?

A

Deposit new bone

28
Q

What are the 4 bone cell types and describeb

A

Osteoprogenitor- stem cell
Osteoblast- make new bone turn into osteocytes
Osteocytes- terminally differentiated
Osteoclasts- reabsorption of bone

Body logistics (2 decks)

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