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Cell physiology and pharmacology > Lecture 14- Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Lecture 14- Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

auto

A

self

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2
Q

nomos

A

law

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3
Q

autonomic broadly means

A

self governing

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4
Q

what does the ANS doe

A

• Controls all involuntary functions e.g. heart rate, BP, GI motility, Iris diameter

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5
Q

ANS is sedated from

A

voluntary (somatic) nervous system

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6
Q

ANS is entirely

A

effectent

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7
Q

ANS is divided anatomically into

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic division

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8
Q

sympathetic division innervated

A

during stressful situations - fight or flight response

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9
Q

during the flight or flight response (sympathetic innervation) what happens to the body

A
  • increased HR - increased force of contraction - increased BP
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10
Q

parasympathetic division regulates

A

basal activities

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11
Q

basal activities

A

e.g. basal heart rate Rest and digest

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12
Q

anatomical divisions of the brain stem and spinal cord

A

• Medullary • Cranial • Thoracic • Lumbar • Sacral

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

neurones in the parasympathetic NS

A

Long myelinated pre-ganglionic neurone

Short myelinated post-ganglionic neurone

with ganglia located within innervated tissue

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15
Q

neurones in sympathetic NS

A

Short preganglionic myelinated neurone and long unmyelinated post-ganglionic neurone

  • ganglia located in paravertebral chain close to the spinal cord
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16
Q

origins of parasympathetic neurones

A

The parasympathetic division of the ANS originates (bilaterally) from the brainstem (medulla) and from sacral segments of the spinal cord.

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17
Q

origins of sympathetic neurones

A

in lateral horn of the lumbar and thoracic spinal cord

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18
Q

ganglia of sympathetic neruones

A

located in paravertebral chain close to the spinal cord

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19
Q

Neurotranmitters of the ANS

A

ACh and NA

20
Q

pre-ganglionic neurones are all

A

cholinergic

  • use ACh as their NT
21
Q

Parasympathetic and sympathetic pre-ganglionic release of ACh results in

A

activation of post-ganglionic nicotinic ACh receptor

22
Q

parasymapthetic post-ganglionic neuroen NT

A

also cholinergic

23
Q

Parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurones release of Ach

A

Act on muscarinic ACh (mACh) receptors in the target effector tissue

GPCR (M1,M2, M3,M4,M5)

24
Q

Sympathetic post-ganglionic neurones neurotransmitter

A

Most are Noradrenergic

25
Q

noradrenaline interacts with

A

one of trwo major classes of adrenoreceptro:

  • Alpha adrenoreceptors
  • Beta adrenoreceptors
26
Q

SOME SPECIALISED SYMPATHETIC POST-GANGLIONIC NEURONS THAT ARE CHOLINERGIC, NOT NORADRENERGIC e.g

A

Those innervating sweat glands and pilorection

27
Q

how many mACh receptors

A

M1-M5

28
Q

types of adrenorecpetor

A
29
Q

other NT found in the ANS

A

Non-adrengeric non-cholinergic transmitters (NANCs)

30
Q

NANCs

A

ATP

NO

5HT (serotonin)

Neuropeptides e.g. VIP, Substance P

These may be co-released with either NA or ACh

31
Q
A
32
Q

third division of the ANS??

A

The enteric nervous system

  • Control the GI system, possessing 5 million neurons.
  • Capable of operating independently of the CNS
33
Q

the adrenal meduall (adrenal gland- which secretes adrenaline) is……. by the sympathetic nervous system

A

inebriated- sitmulated

preganglionic sympathetic innervation which controls the adrenal medulla

34
Q

Sympathetic post ganglionic neurons in the adrenal glands are different:

A

They differentiate to form neurosecretory chromaffin cells

35
Q

Chromaffin cells can be considered as postganglionic sympathetic neurons that

A

do not project to a target tissue

Instead on sympathetic stimulation these cells release adrenaline into the bloodstream

36
Q

where are chromaffin cells found

A

adrenal meduall

37
Q

chromaaffin cells innverated by

A

pre-ganglionic symapthetic neurones

(act as post-ganglionic neurones)

38
Q

What are the physiological consequences of sympathetic stimulation of the heart (B1)?

A
  • Tachy cardia (positive chronotropy)
    • SA node
  • Positive inotropy
    • Ventricles
39
Q

What are the physiological consequences of sympathetic stimulation of smooth muscle in blood vessels ( a1 and B2)?

A

Arterior contraction/ venous contraction

40
Q

What are the physiological consequences of sympathetic stimulation of smooth muscle in Lungs, GI and GU tract ( B2)?

A

Bronchial/intestinal/uterine relaxation

41
Q

What are the physiological consequences of sympathetic stimulation of smooth muscle in eye (a1)?

A

Radial muscle contraction

42
Q

What are the physiological consequences of sympathetic stimulation of glands ?

A

increased secretion e.g. salivary

43
Q

What are the physiological consequences of sympathetic stimulation ofthe kidney (a1)?

A

renin release

44
Q

What are the physiological consequences of parasympathetic stimulation of heart (M2)?

A

Bradycardia- SAN node

Reduced cardiac conduction velocity – AV node

45
Q

What are the physiological consequences of parasympathetic stimulation of smooth muscle (M3)?

A
  • Bronchial contractions- lungs
  • Increased intestinal mobility
  • Bladder contraction (detrusor) and relaxation (sphincter)
  • Penile erection- GU tract
  • Ciliary muscle and iris sphincter contraction – eye
46
Q

What are the physiological consequences of parasympathetic stimulation of glands (M3)?

A

Increased sweat/salivary/ lacrimal secretion

47
Q
A

Cell physiology and pharmacology (20 decks)

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