Lecture 14 and 15: URT and LRT

Question 1

What is the role of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

To conduct warm, clean and moist air.

Question 2

The conducting region is made up of what epithelium? 
A. Respiratory epithelium 
B. Stratified squamous 
C. Simple squamous 
D. Olfactory mucosa

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Epithelium where air and food travel

Answer 3

Stratified squamous

Question 4

Site of gas exchange epithelium

Answer 4

Simple squamous

Question 5

Respiratory epithelium is more specifically called

Answer 5

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epihelium (with goblet cells).

Question 6

Where is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium found?

Answer 6

Nasal cavity, part of pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

Question 7

Goblet cells produce mucus which

Answer 7

Traps debris, moistens air

Question 8

The vestibule contains 
A. Vibrissae (hair) which filter inhaled air 
B. Sebaceous and sweat glands 
C. Hair follicles 
D. All of the above

Answer 8

D

Question 9

The roof of the cavity in the nasal complex is formed by…

Answer 9

Ethmoid and sphenoid bones

Question 10

The three projections of the conchae are called

Answer 10

1. Superior
2. Middle
3. Inferior conchae (turbinates)

Question 11

Functions of the paranasal sinuses

Answer 11

• lighten skull
• Increased SA to clean and moisten the air
• Sound resonance

Question 12

What are the three regions of the pharynx

Answer 12

1. Nasopharynx (air passage only)
2. Oropharnyx
3. Laryngopharnx

Question 13

The soft palate and uvula blocks the _____ during swallowing to prevent food entering the ____ cavity

Answer 13

nasopharynx, nasal

Question 14

Pharyngeal tonsils are located on the _______ wall

Answer 14

Posterior

Question 15

Epithelium in the oropharynx is…

Answer 15

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 16

What are the components of the LRT?

Answer 16

• larynx
• trachea
• bronchi
• bronchioles
• alveoli

Question 17

What are the key features of the URT

Answer 17

Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx

Question 18

What type of epithelium is found in the oropharynx and laryngopharyn

Answer 18

Stratified squamous

Question 19

Where is the larynx located?

Answer 19

Anterior to the esophagus

Question 20

What structure in the larynx closes over the airway during swallowing?

Answer 20

Epiglottis

Question 21

Where is the trachea located? 
A. posterior to the esophagus 
B. Anterior to the esophagus 
C. Within the primary bronchi 
D. Within the secondary bronchi

Answer 21

B

Question 22

Why does the trachea have C-shaped cartilaginous rings?

Answer 22

It allows the trachea to collapse slightly at its opening, so that food can pass down the esophagus after swallowing.

Question 23

Which of the following is a function of the trachea?
A. Sound production
B. Cleans warms and humidifies inhaled air
C. To direct mucus toward the bronchi with the mucociliary escalator
D. To identify and eliminate any airborne debris

Answer 23

B

Question 24

What are the ends ot eh tachea connected by?

Answer 24

Bands of smooth muscle: Trachealis

Question 25

What is the hilum?

Answer 25

Where the bronchi and blood vessels enter

Question 26

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 26

3

Question 27

What are the primary bronchi composed of?

Answer 27

Cartilage and smooth complete muscle rings.

Question 28

What type of epithelium is in the bronchioles?

Answer 28

Cuboidal. No cartilage but thick smooth muscle.

Question 29

What are pulmonary lobules are made of?

Answer 29

Many alveoli (air sacs)

Question 30

How many alveoli per lung?

Answer 30

150 million

Question 31

Alveolar walls are very ____ and made up of _____ _____ epithelium on a thin ________ ______

Answer 31

Thin, simple squamous, basement membrane

Question 32

What is the external surface of alveoli covered in a fine network of...

Answer 32

Pulmonary capillaries

Question 33

Type 1 Pneumocytes form the...

Answer 33

Respiratory membrane and a blood-air barrier with capillary wall and a shared basement membrane.

Question 34

What type of epitheliu are pneumoctes?

Answer 34

Squamous

Question 35

What type of epithlium is type 2 pneumocytes?

Answer 35

Cuboidal.

Question 36

Where are type 2 pneumocytes

Answer 36

Scattered amongs Type 1 Pneumocytes.

Question 37

What does type 2 pneumocytes do?

Answer 37

Secrete surfactant, a complex lipoprotein that reduces the surface tension of the alveolar fluid.

Question 38

What does a roaming macrophage do?

Answer 38

Removes debris that makes it to alveoli

Question 39

``` Type 2 pneumocytes A. Are squamous epithelial cells B. Are surfactant-secreting cells C. Are columnar epithelial cells D. Both A and B ```

Answer 39

B

Question 40

The surfactant acts to _____ surface tensions of the alveolar fluid

Answer 40

Reduce

Question 41

Which one of the following is TRUE? A. The right lung has 3 lobes, 2 fissures and a cardiac notch B. The left lungs' superior and inferior lobes are separated by the horizontal fissure C. The right lungs' superior and middle lobes are separated by the oblique fissure D. the apex is the most superior region of the lungs.

Answer 41

D

Question 41

Which one of the following is TRUE? A. The right lung has 3 lobes, 2 fissures and a cardiac notch B. The left lungs' superior and inferior lobes are separated by the horizontal fissure C. The right lungs' superior and middle lobes are separated by the oblique fissure D. the apex is the most superior region of the lungs.

Answer 41

D

Question 42

``` As the bronchi decrease in diameter A. The cartilage decreases B. The number of mucous secreting cells decreases C. The pithlium height decreases D. All of the above ```

Answer 42

D

Question 43

Boyle's Law states that A. Pressure is inversely proportional to the volume B. Pressure is directly proportional to the volume C. Lung expansion causes an increase in pressure D. Lung expansion causes decrease in volume

Answer 43

A