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HUBS 192 Module 2 > Lecture 14 and 15: URT and LRT > Flashcards

Lecture 14 and 15: URT and LRT Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the respiratory system?

A

To conduct warm, clean and moist air.

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2
Q 
The conducting region is made up of what epithelium? 
A. Respiratory epithelium 
B. Stratified squamous 
C. Simple squamous 
D. Olfactory mucosa
A

A

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3
Q

Epithelium where air and food travel

A

Stratified squamous

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4
Q

Site of gas exchange epithelium

A

Simple squamous

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5
Q

Respiratory epithelium is more specifically called

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epihelium (with goblet cells).

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6
Q

Where is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium found?

A

Nasal cavity, part of pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

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7
Q

Goblet cells produce mucus which

A

Traps debris, moistens air

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8
Q 
The vestibule contains 
A. Vibrissae (hair) which filter inhaled air 
B. Sebaceous and sweat glands 
C. Hair follicles 
D. All of the above
A

D

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9
Q

The roof of the cavity in the nasal complex is formed by…

A

Ethmoid and sphenoid bones

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10
Q

The three projections of the conchae are called

A
  1. Superior
  2. Middle
  3. Inferior conchae (turbinates)
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11
Q

Functions of the paranasal sinuses

A
  • lighten skull
  • Increased SA to clean and moisten the air
  • Sound resonance
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12
Q

What are the three regions of the pharynx

A
  1. Nasopharynx (air passage only)
  2. Oropharnyx
  3. Laryngopharnx
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13
Q

The soft palate and uvula blocks the _____ during swallowing to prevent food entering the ____ cavity

A

nasopharynx, nasal

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14
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils are located on the _______ wall

A

Posterior

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15
Q

Epithelium in the oropharynx is…

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

What are the components of the LRT?

A
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • bronchioles
  • alveoli
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17
Q

What are the key features of the URT

A

Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx

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18
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the oropharynx and laryngopharyn

A

Stratified squamous

19
Q

Where is the larynx located?

A

Anterior to the esophagus

20
Q

What structure in the larynx closes over the airway during swallowing?

A

Epiglottis

21
Q 
Where is the trachea located? 
A. posterior to the esophagus 
B. Anterior to the esophagus 
C. Within the primary bronchi 
D. Within the secondary bronchi
A

B

22
Q

Why does the trachea have C-shaped cartilaginous rings?

A

It allows the trachea to collapse slightly at its opening, so that food can pass down the esophagus after swallowing.

23
Q

Which of the following is a function of the trachea?
A. Sound production
B. Cleans warms and humidifies inhaled air
C. To direct mucus toward the bronchi with the mucociliary escalator
D. To identify and eliminate any airborne debris

A

B

24
Q

What are the ends ot eh tachea connected by?

A

Bands of smooth muscle: Trachealis

25
Q

What is the hilum?

A

Where the bronchi and blood vessels enter

26
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

27
Q

What are the primary bronchi composed of?

A

Cartilage and smooth complete muscle rings.

28
Q

What type of epithelium is in the bronchioles?

A

Cuboidal. No cartilage but thick smooth muscle.

29
Q

What are pulmonary lobules are made of?

A

Many alveoli (air sacs)

30
Q

How many alveoli per lung?

A

150 million

31
Q

Alveolar walls are very ____ and made up of _____ _____ epithelium on a thin ________ ______

A

Thin, simple squamous, basement membrane

32
Q

What is the external surface of alveoli covered in a fine network of…

A

Pulmonary capillaries

33
Q

Type 1 Pneumocytes form the…

A

Respiratory membrane and a blood-air barrier with capillary wall and a shared basement membrane.

34
Q

What type of epitheliu are pneumoctes?

A

Squamous

35
Q

What type of epithlium is type 2 pneumocytes?

A

Cuboidal.

36
Q

Where are type 2 pneumocytes

A

Scattered amongs Type 1 Pneumocytes.

37
Q

What does type 2 pneumocytes do?

A

Secrete surfactant, a complex lipoprotein that reduces the surface tension of the alveolar fluid.

38
Q

What does a roaming macrophage do?

A

Removes debris that makes it to alveoli

39
Q 
Type 2 pneumocytes 
A. Are squamous epithelial cells 
B. Are surfactant-secreting cells
C. Are columnar epithelial cells 
D. Both A and B
A

B

40
Q

The surfactant acts to _____ surface tensions of the alveolar fluid

A

Reduce

41
Q

Which one of the following is TRUE?
A. The right lung has 3 lobes, 2 fissures and a cardiac notch
B. The left lungs’ superior and inferior lobes are separated by the horizontal fissure
C. The right lungs’ superior and middle lobes are separated by the oblique fissure
D. the apex is the most superior region of the lungs.

A

D

41
Q

Which one of the following is TRUE?
A. The right lung has 3 lobes, 2 fissures and a cardiac notch
B. The left lungs’ superior and inferior lobes are separated by the horizontal fissure
C. The right lungs’ superior and middle lobes are separated by the oblique fissure
D. the apex is the most superior region of the lungs.

A

D

42
Q 
As the bronchi decrease in diameter 
A. The cartilage decreases
B. The number of mucous secreting cells decreases
C. The pithlium height decreases 
D. All of the above
A

D

43
Q

Boyle’s Law states that
A. Pressure is inversely proportional to the volume
B. Pressure is directly proportional to the volume
C. Lung expansion causes an increase in pressure
D. Lung expansion causes decrease in volume

A

A

HUBS 192 Module 2 (3 decks)

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