Lecture 14 Flashcards
what are 5 causes of hearing loss?
Ageing Genetics Diseases Noise Ototoxic drugs
what is different about the conversion of signals in the outer, middle and inner ear?
outer = mechanical signals
middle and inner = electrical signals
-it’s the electrical conversion that can get seriously/ irreversibly damaged
why are inner hair cells so important?
they dont regenerate once they are lost
what is the organ of corti?
a structure in the cochlea of the inner ear which produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations
4 ways you could prevent cell loss?
Anti- oxidants
Growth factors
Anti- apoptotic drugs
NMDA blockers
what is ebselen and what can it do?
synthetic antioxidant which prevents noise damage in the cochlea
what are 3 types of electronic implants used to treat hearing loss?
Cochlear implant –by passes hair cells- most effective
Auditory nerve implant - by passes cochlea
Brainstem implant - by passed cochlea and auditory nerve
what are 4 possible techniques of sensory regeneration?
remove inhibition
proliferation of cells
differentiation
transplantation
what is the transcription factor critical in the development of the cochlea and hair cells?
math 1
which type of hair cells is easier to repair?
Easier to repair acutely damaged hair cells than it is to repair inner ears that have been damaged for a long time
what has manipulation of NOTCH signalling been tried for?
reactivation of the hair cells
what is a feature of mammals which could be the reasoning behind why there are no stem cells for regeneration of hair cells?
mammals favour fast repair over proper regeneration - because there doesn’t appear to be stem cells the route is going to have to be transplantation or trans differentiation
in the first restriction point of the cell cycle what is rb/E2F hyperphosphorylated by and what does this drive?
cyclin E/CDK2 - drives the proliferation of cells in the cell cycle
