Lecture 14 Flashcards
Q1: What is the primary function of the pulmonary system?
A. Vocalization
B. Gas Exchange
C. pH Homeostasis
D. Protection
B. Gas Exchange
Q2: According to Boyle’s Law, what happens to pressure when lung volume increases?
A. Pressure increases
B. Pressure decreases
C. Pressure stays the same
D. Pressure depends on lung compliance
B (Pressure decreases)
Q3: What is the role of the mucociliary escalator in the lower respiratory system?
A. To exchange gases between the alveoli and capillaries
B. To transport mucus and trapped particles toward the throat
C. To regulate airflow by changing airway resistance
D. To keep the alveoli open
B. To transport mucus and trapped particles toward the throat
Q4: What force is responsible for keeping the lungs expanded in the thoracic cavity?
A. Positive intrapleural pressure
B. Gravity
C. Negative intrapleural pressure (PIP)
D. Surface tension
C. Negative intrapleural pressure (PIP)
Q5: In a pneumothorax, why does the lung collapse?
A. The airway is blocked by mucus
B. The diaphragm contracts too much
C. The intrapleural pressure (PIP) equals atmospheric pressure
D. Gravity pulls the lung downward
C. The intrapleural pressure (PIP) equals atmospheric pressure
Q6: What happens during passive expiration?
A. The diaphragm contracts
B. The intercostal muscles relax and the lungs recoil
C. The lungs actively push air out
D. Air enters the lungs due to negative pressure
B. The intercostal muscles relax and the lungs recoil
How does surfactant prevent alveolar collapse?
A. It increases surface tension
B. It neutralizes pulmonary secretions
C. It decreases surface tension by disrupting water molecule attraction
D. It thickens alveolar walls to resist collapse
C. It decreases surface tension by disrupting water molecule attraction
A patient with pulmonary fibrosis has:
A. Increased lung compliance
B. Decreased lung compliance
C. Normal lung compliance
D. No change in lung function
B. Decreased lung compliance
According to Poiseuille’s Law, if airway radius decreases, what happens to resistance?
A. Resistance decreases
B. Resistance increases
C. Resistance remains the same
D. Resistance depends only on lung compliance
B. Resistance increases
A low FEV1/FVC ratio is characteristic of which type of lung disease?
A. Restrictive (e.g., Pulmonary Fibrosis)
B. Obstructive (e.g., Asthma, COPD)
C. Both restrictive and obstructive
D. Neither
B. Obstructive (e.g., Asthma, COPD)
Which lung volume represents the amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation?
A. Tidal Volume (VT)
B. Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
C. Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
D. Residual Volume (RV)
D. Residual Volume (RV)
(True/False): Without surfactant, smaller alveoli would tend to collapse due to high surface tension.
true
During inhalation, alveolar pressure (PA) is:
A. Higher than atmospheric pressure (PB)
B. Lower than atmospheric pressure (PB)
C. Equal to atmospheric pressure (PB)
D. Unaffected by Boyle’s Law
B. Lower than atmospheric pressure (PB)
Where is intrapleural pressure (PIP) most negative when standing upright?
A. At the base of the lungs
B. At the apex (top) of the lungs
C. Equally distributed throughout the lungs
D. It does not change with body position
B. At the apex (top) of the lungs
Which lung disease is characterized by normal or high FEV1/FVC but reduced total lung capacity (TLC)?
A. Asthma
B. COPD
C. Pulmonary Fibrosis
D. Pneumothorax
C. Pulmonary Fibrosis
According to Laplace’s Law, smaller alveoli experience:
A. Higher inward pressure due to surface tension
B. Lower inward pressure due to surface tension
C. No pressure difference compared to larger alveoli
D. Increased airway resistance
A. Higher inward pressure due to surface tension
What happens when the diaphragm contracts?
A. The thoracic cavity expands, lung pressure decreases, and air enters.
B. The thoracic cavity contracts, lung pressure increases, and air enters.
C. The thoracic cavity expands, lung pressure increases, and air exits.
D. The thoracic cavity contracts, lung pressure decreases, and air exits.
A. The thoracic cavity expands, lung pressure decreases, and air enters.
Which of the following is a hallmark sign of obstructive lung disease?
A. Increased airway resistance
B. Decreased lung compliance
C. Decreased residual volume
D. Increased inspiratory capacity
A. Increased airway resistance
Q19: Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) is the sum of:
A. IRV + VT
B. RV + ERV
C. IRV + ERV + VT
D. TLC – RV
B. RV + ERV
(True/False): Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) is the additional volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled beyond a normal breath.
true
