Lecture 14-16 - Scrogin - Adrenergics (Para vs Symp)

Question 1

The ANS is composed of what 3 parts?

Answer 1

Sympathetic (thoracolumbar)

Parasympathetic (craniosacral)

Enteric Nervous system

Question 2

Preganglionic cells arise from ___

Answer 2

Intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord

Question 3

“Ganglia” give rise to _____

Answer 3

Post-ganglionic cells

Question 4

What is special about the adrenal gland?

Answer 4

It acts like a ganglion but releases hormone into circulation

Question 5

Sympathetic: Length of pre-ganglionic vs post-ganglionic

Answer 5

Pre-ganglionic = short
Post-ganglionic = long

*Sympathetic starts with “S” and thus “short” is first

Question 6

Parasympathetic: Length of pre-ganglionic vs post-ganglionic

Answer 6

Pre-ganglionic = long
Post-ganglionic = short

Question 7

ACh is released by

Answer 7

ALL pre-ganglionic fibers

Post-ganglionic parasympathetic

Question 8

Which fibers release only NE? *and what is the exception?

Answer 8

Post-ganglionic sympathetics

Exception: post-ganglionic sympathetics that innervate sweat glands release ACh

Question 9

What releases both Epi and NE?

Answer 9

Adrenal Medulla (75% epi, 25% NE)

Question 10

Pre-ganglionic fibers release

Answer 10

ACh

Question 11

Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers release

Answer 11

NE

Exception: post-ganglionic sympathetics that innervate sweat glands release ACh

Question 12

Post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers release

Answer 12

ACh

Question 13

Parasympathetic system innervates what organs?

Answer 13

Eye
Heart
Bronchioles
GI tract
Bladder

Question 14

Sympathetic system innervates which organs?

Answer 14

Same as parasympathetic (*Eye, Heart, Bronchioles, GI tract, Bladder)

AND blood vessels as well as metabolic functions

Question 15

What is miosis and is it parasympathetic or sympathetic?

Answer 15

Constriction of pupil

Parasympathetic

Question 16

Describe parasympathetic innervation of the heart

Answer 16

SA node innervation = reduce HR

AV node innervation = slowed conduction

Question 17

Parasympathetic innervation of bronchioles gives _____

Answer 17

constriction of smooth muscle

Question 18

Parasympathetic innervation of GI tract gives _____

Answer 18

increased secretions and motility

Question 19

Parasympathetic innervation of bladder gives _____

Answer 19

Bladder emptying (via activation of detrusor muscle)

Question 20

Sympathetic innervation of the eye gives _____

Answer 20

mydriasis (dilation) and increased production of aqueous humor by ciliary body

Question 21

Sympathetic innervation of the heart gives _____

Answer 21

Increased HR (accelerated SA node pacemaker depolarization!)

Faster spontaneous depolarization and lower threshold for activation

Also stimulates greater Ca2+ influx during depolarization which increases contractile force

Question 22

Sympathetic innervation of bronchioles gives _____

Answer 22

smooth muscle relaxation

Question 23

Sympathetic innervation of blood vessels gives _____

Answer 23

contraction and relaxation

*depends on receptor

Question 24

Sympathetic innervation of bladder gives _____

Answer 24

inhibition of emptying via contraction of sphincter

Question 25

Sympathetic system affects metabolic functions by ___

Answer 25

increasing blood sugar

Question 26

This enzyme is the rate limiting step in the formation of DOPA

Answer 26

Tyrosine Hydroxylase

Question 27

Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase is found where and does what?

Answer 27

Found in synaptic vesicles along with ATP

Converts Dopamine to NE

Question 28

Describe the release of catecholamines for Adrenergic Neurotransmission

Answer 28

Voltage dependent opening of Ca2+ channels gives increased intracellular Ca2+

Stimulates interaction of SNAREs

Question 29

Action of neurotransmitter binding depends on what 3 things?

Answer 29

1. receptor type
2. second messenger system
3. machinery of the cell type

Question 30

MAOI’s are important in ____

Answer 30

the metabolism of catecholamines within the nerve terminal

Question 31

COMT is important in _____

Answer 31

the metabolism of catecholamines in the circulation

Question 32

Inhibition of NT reuptake for adrenergic transmission produces ___

Answer 32

potent sympathomimetic effects

Question 33

To get pupillary constriction, what happens?

Answer 33

Sympathetic tone is withdrawn

Question 34

What stimulates production of aq humor?

Answer 34

Ciliary epithelium

Question 35

CO is affected by which receptor(s)? What about TPR?

Answer 35

CO = beta-1
TPR = alpha-1/2 and beta-2