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Neuroscience Test 3 > Lecture 14 > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the LGN located?

A

The dorsal thalamus

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2
Q

How many layers of cells does the LGN have when viewed in cross section?

A

6

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3
Q

The LGN is the gateway to…… and therefore to……

A

visual cortex; conscious visual perception

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4
Q

Different types of retinal information are ____ _____ by the LGN

A

kept separate

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5
Q

The LGN is the major target of…..

A

the two optic tracts

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6
Q

Axons arising from M-type, P-type, and nonM-nonP cells in the two retinas synapse on……

A

Cells in different LGN layers

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7
Q

In right LGN, right eye (__) axons synapse on LGN cells in layers….
Left LGN layers…

A

ipsilateral
2, 3, 5
1, 4, 6

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8
Q

In right LGN, left eye (__) axons synapse on LGN cells in layers….
Left LGN layers…

A

contralateral
1, 4, 6
2, 3, 5

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9
Q

LGN: inputs segregated by ____ and _____ type

A

eye; ganglion cell

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10
Q

LGN:
Layers 1 and 2

A

Magnocellular LGN layers
Contain larger neurons, innervate by M-cells

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11
Q

LGN:
Layers 3, 4, 5, and 6

A

Parvocellular LGN layers
Contain smaller cells, innervate by P-cells

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12
Q

LGN:
ventral to each principal layer (K1-K6)

A

Koniocellular LGN layers
input from nonM-nonP retinal ganglion cells

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13
Q

Synaptic input to LGN comes from ______, ______, and ______, the _____ is NOT the main source of synaptic input

A

Brain stem
Thalamus
Primary Visual Cortex

NOT mainly from retina

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14
Q

Primary visual cortex provides ______ of the synaptic input to the LGN– role…….

A

80%
role not clearly identified

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15
Q

“top-down” modulation may gate “______” input from LGN to….

A

“bottom-up”
primary visual cortex

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16
Q

Brain stem neurons provide modulatory influence on…..

A

neuronal activity related to alertness and attentiveness

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17
Q

LGN is more than……

A

A simple relay from the retina to the cortex

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18
Q

Striate refers to the fact that area ___ has an unusually…..

A

V1
dense stripe of myelinated axons

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19
Q

Other names for the primary visual cortex: (2)

A

V1; striate cortex

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20
Q

Where is area V1 located?

A

the occipital lobe of the primate brain

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21
Q

Brodmann’s area 17

A

area V1

22
Q

Just under pia mater
Largely devoid of neurons
Consists almost entirely of axons and dendrites of cells in other layers

A

Layer 1

23
Q

How are the layers of the Striate Cortex named?

A

Starting at white matter, named by roman numerals VI, V, IV, III, II, and I

24
Q

Three sublayers of layer IV; which sublayer is divided into two tiers, name tiers

A

IVA, IVB, IVC
Layer IVC divided into IVC(alpha) and IVC(beta)

25
Q

Inputs to the striate cortex (rough)

A

2 overlapping retinotopic projection maps
Magnocellular LGN neurons
Parvocellular LGN neurons
Koniocellular LGN neurons

26
Q

Inputs to Striate cortex:
Projection to layer IVC(alpha)

A

Magnocellular LGN neurons

27
Q

Inputs to Striate cortex:
Projection to layer IVC(beta)

A

Parvocellular LGN neurons

28
Q

Inputs to Striate cortex:
Make synapses primarily in layers I and III

A

Koniocellular LGN axons

29
Q

Intracortical connections:
Layer IVC(alpha) projects mainly to cells in which layer?

A

Layer IVB

30
Q

Intracortical connections:
Layer IVC(beta) projects mainly to cells in which layer?

A

Layer III

31
Q

Most intracortical connections extend ________ to the cortical surface along radial lines. This maintains the retinotopic organization established in layer ___.

A

Perpendicular; IV

32
Q

Intracortical connections:
The axons of some layer_____ pyramidal cells extend collateral branches that make horizontal connections within layer _____

A

III; IIII

33
Q

Intracortical connections:
_____ and _____ connections play different roles in the analysis of the visual world.

A

Radial and horizontal

34
Q

Layer IVC stellate cells project axons radially up mainly to layers _____ and _____

A

IVB and III

35
Q

All layer _____ receive input from only one eye, most neurons in layers __, __, __, and __ receive some amount of input from each eye.

A

IVC; II, III, V, and VI

36
Q

Neurons outside layer IV are organized into _____ _____ dominated by the left and right eye.

A

alternating bands

37
Q

The bands of cells extending through the thickness of the striate cortex are called _____ _____ ______.

A

Ocular dominance columns

38
Q

Studied with transneuronal autoradiograph from retina to LGN to striate cortex.

A

David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel (Nobel prize 1981)

39
Q

The left and right eye inputs are laid out as a series of alternating bands, like the stripes of a zebra.

A

Layer IV

40
Q

Outputs of Striate cortex:
________ cells send axons out of the striate cortex

A

Pyramidal

41
Q

Outputs of Striate cortex:
Layer _____, _____, and ____ cells project to the superior colliculus and pons

A

II, III, and IVB

42
Q

Outputs of Striate cortex:
Layer __ cells project to the superior colliculus and pons

A

V

43
Q

Layer ___ cells project back to the LGN

A

VI

44
Q

Cytochrome oxidase

A

Mitochondrial enzyme used for cell metabilism

45
Q

Blobs

A

Cytochrome oxidase-stained pillars in striate cortex running the full thickness of layers II, II, V, and VI (NOT IV)

46
Q

Cytochrome oxidase blobs:
Sliced tangentially through layer ___, these spots appear like the spots of a leopard.

A

III

47
Q

Each blob is centered on an ocular dominance column in layer ____

A

IV

48
Q

Cytochrome oxidase blobs receive koniocellular inputs from ____ and parvocellular and magnocellular input form layer ____.

A

LGN; layer IVC

49
Q

The magnocellular pathway

A

analysis of object motion and the guidance of motor actions

50
Q

The parvo-interblob pathway

A

Analysis of fine object shape

51
Q

The blob pathway

A

Analysis of object color

Neuroscience Test 3 (7 decks)

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