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PSYCH 371 > Lecture 13: Working and Short Term Memory > Flashcards

Lecture 13: Working and Short Term Memory Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 different temporal phases of explicit memory

A
  1. short term working memory
  2. long term memory
  3. ultra long term permanent memory
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2
Q

briefly explain short term working memory

A

memory that you are working on in the present in the ST and it can be maintained by rehearsing it

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3
Q

what is the mechanism for short term memory

A

maintenance of activity (reverberation) and short to intermediate term activity dependant synaptic changes (LTP)

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4
Q

what structures are involved in short term memory

A

prefrontal cortex
parahippocampal cortices

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5
Q

briefly explain long term memory

A

something is done to the brain which allows you to go back and access your info

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6
Q

what structure is involved in long term memory

A

hippocampus

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7
Q

what is the mechanism for long term memory

A

maintained synaptic changes (L-LTP), protein synthesis and anatomical growth

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8
Q

briefly explain ultra long term memory

A

memories that last like a lifetime and you can recall from even your earliest of times

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9
Q

what is the mechanism for ultra long term memory

A

consolidation of LTM ?

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10
Q

what are the structures for ultra long term memory

A

we dont know

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11
Q

what is the order of the model of memory processes

A

sensory input to brain

sensory memory (attention)

short term memory (with maintenance rehersal)

long term memory (with encoding and retrival)

ultra long term memory (consolidation)

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12
Q

what is the function of the sensory memory store

A

holds information long enough to be processed for basic physical characteristics

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13
Q

what is the capacity for the sensory memory store

A

can hold many items at once (infinite)

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14
Q

what is the duration of the sensory memory store

A

very brief
0.3s for visual iconic info
2-5s for auditory echoic info

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15
Q

is sensory memory preattentive or postattentive

A

preattentive, forms without even paying attention ex. reading when you look at words

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16
Q

what are the 2 types of sensory memory stores

A

auditory - echocic
visual - iconic

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17
Q

what is needed to transfer information to the working memory (consciousness)

A

attention - allows you to work on it

maintenance rehersal

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18
Q

what is the function of the working memory store

A

conscious processing of information where the info is actively worked on

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19
Q

what is the capacity of the working memory store

A

limited and can hold about 7ish items

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20
Q

what is the duration of the working memory store

A

brief storage (about 30s) but can be elongated through rehersal

ex. if youre not paying attention itll go away

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21
Q

how does memory go from short term to long term

A

it can be transferred through encoding and once there it can also be retrieved back again

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22
Q

what is the function of the long term memory store

A

organizes and stores information - modified to allow you to pull out information

has a more active form of encoding than working memory but a more passive form of storage

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23
Q

what is the capacity of the long term memory store

A

unlimited (?)

24
Q

what is the duration of the long term memory store

A

relatively long term (hours to months) but its still labile and forget details

25
briefly explain ultra long term memory
to achieve true permanence, memories must be consolidated into ultra long term memory where retrival to short term memory can also occur from this store
26
what is the function of the long term memory store?
further organizes and stores information - info that you need to maintain for life more efficient recall and less labile
27
what is the capacity and duration of the ultra long term memory store
we are not sure, but we think unlimited and permanent
28
is short term working memory intact in amnestics
yes in HM, EP and RB
29
is short term working memory a concious or unconcious representation
conscious as it is flexible and impermanent
30
what is the cognitive psychology (baddeley) model for STM
specialized subsystems interacting with a central executive, which allows you to work on info from different categories
31
what are the 2 specialized subsystems in the cognitive psychology model for stm
1. phonological loop 2. visio spatial sketch pad
32
what was found about the cognitive psychology model for stm
these modalities dont appear to interact and seem independence due to a lack of interference
33
what are 4 components that are necessary to have in the STM central executive
1. integrates sensory modalities - especially vision&audition 2. interfaces sensory and motor systems - organizes behavior 3. has access to declarative memory structures 4 shows short term memory activity
34
what region is considered the centtral executive for STM and why
prefrontal cortex (pFC) gets activated with short term memory tasks alongside hpc and phpc but if youre missing this you arent really able to interact with the environment
35
what working memory task was used that activates the prefrontal cortex
3 back task : you ask subjects to remember what happened three stimuli prior and try and match it
36
what are the two types of the 3 back task
1. spatial - visual stim 2. verbal - go back to the g
37
what was the task for the spatial memory condition in the 3 back task
maintain vision on the fixation dot and then match the stimuli to 3 prior, so the corner that the previous letter was in
38
what was the task for the verbal memory condition in the 3 back task
remember the letter g no matter what corner it is in
39
what side of the DLpFC does the spatial task activate
right hemisphere
40
what side of the DLpFC does the verbal task activate
left hemisphere
41
what test was used to test STM delay neurons in the pFC
occular spatial delayed response task
42
describe the occular spatial delayed response task
monkey looks at a fixation dot and is given a stimulus outside its field of view , then they remove the fixation dot and ask monkey to move its eye where the dot was and then record the pFC neurons
43
what was the result of the occular spatial delayed response task
neurons in partictular regions of the pFC show representation of information regarding future processes ---topographic based on visual field
44
what other functions have been shown in the pfc (list 2)
1. behavioural inhibition phineas gage 2. executive function v memory - Wisconsin card sorting
45
explain phineas gage and his injuries outcome
he was a railway worker and a rod exploded into his skull pfc lesion he didnt show any short term deficits but had impacted personality as he had no behavioural inhibitions or restraints
46
explain the wisonsin card sorting task
organize cards while getting feedback from the experimenter and learn what the principle is based on feedback pFC lesions learn the original rule, but if the experimenter changes the rule like halfway through, the pFC damage will keep doing original ***inability to produce accurate motor responses to sensory input
47
explain the interactions between the MTL and the pFC
there are direct outputs from the HPC to the pFC as they interact through the thalamus
48
why did they test the time dependant interaction of the pFC and HPC in memory
test contrast effects of infusing drugs to see if there is another region that could be interacting
49
where were the 4 diff cannulae placed in the time dep. interaction test
1. can in pFC 2. can in HPC 3. can in pFC but lesion HPC 4. can in HPC but lesion pFC
50
what task did they use after the cannulae for the time dep interaction experiement
8 arm radial maze - delayed non matching to place
51
explain the 8 arm radial maze in the time dep interaction experiment
rat goes down one arm and gets a treat and then goes back to middle, then block the animal in the centre for some time as a delay and then open up 2 arms (one original one new) and the rat has to pick the non visited arm
52
what does the cannulae in the pFC show
nothing happens in the ST or LT, pFC doesnt do anything for memory
53
what does the cannulae in the HPC show
can preform at a short delay but not long and start to preform at chance which shows that the HPC is good for episodic
54
what does the cannulae in the pFC with HPC lesion show
cannot do anything and both ST and LT are up to chance
55
what does the canulae in HPC with lesion in the pFC show
can perform at ST and LT delay
56
explain the conclusion/significance of the time dependant interaction experiment
in the absense of the pFC, the HPC can do both ST and LT functions in the absense of HPC, the pFC can substitute for ST *shows that both structures are interacting for short term memory functions

PSYCH 371 (5 decks)

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