Lecture 13 Transduction and Bacterial Diversity Flashcards
1
Q
- Thermophile
- Grows at 70-75 C
- Source of Taq polymerase for PCR
A
Deinococcus
Thermus aquaticus
2
Q
- Not thermophilic, but extremely resistant to radiation and desiccation
- Rapid DNA repair
A
Deinococcus
Deinococcus radiodurans
3
Q
- oxygenic photosynthesis
- water as electron donor, produces oxygen
- 2 Photosystems (PSl and ll)
- Generate ATP and NADPH used in Calvin Cycle to fix CO2
- Structures
- Thylakoids with chlorophyll
- Carboxysomes
A
Cyanobacteria
4
Q
- Habitat : Tropical oceans
- Small known photosynthetic organisms (1 uM)
- Oxygenic photosynthesis
- Chlorophyll
- Small genome: ~2000 genes
A
Cyanobacteria
Genus: Prochlorococcus
5
Q
- Aquatic bacterium
- Two processes
- Oxygenic Photosynthesis
- N Fixation - reduction of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia
- Problem: Enzyme nitrogenase for N fixation is sensitive to O2
- Solution: Differentiate vegetative cells into heterocysts devoid of O2 that fix N2
A
Cyanobacteria
Genus: Anabaena
6
Q
- Gram -, obligate intracellular bacteria
- Human and animal pathogens
- Causes #1 reported bacterial STD in U.S.
A
Chlamydiae
Genus: Chlamydia
7
Q
- Flexible, helical shape
- Flagella within periplasm
- Axial filament
- Rotation turns whole cell
- Human Pathogens
- Treponema pallidum - Syphilis
- Borrelia burgdorferi - Lyme Disease (ticks)
A
Spirochaetes
8
Q
- Obligate anaerobes
- Important bacteria of the human intestinal tract
- About 30% of the bacteria cultured from human feces are Bacteroides
- Degrade complex, dietary polysaccharides
A
Bacteroidetes
Genus: Bacteroides
9
Q
- Some are Photoheterotrophs
- Anoxygenic photosynthesis
- Rhodospirillum
- Some are Endosymbionts
- Rhizobium
- Rickettsia in humans
- Obligate intracellular bacteria
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (ticks)
A
Alpha Proteobacteria
10
Q
- Gram-, aquatic
- Dimorphic
- Cell division generates
- Motile swarmer cell
- Non-motile stalked cell
- Attachment via holdfast
- Increased surface area for nutrient uptake
A
Alpha Proteobacteria
Genus: Caulobacter
11
Q
- Some are chemolithotrophs
- Nitrate, sulfur, iron oxidizers
- Oxidizes ammonia to nitrite
- 1st step of Nitrification
-Some are human pathogens
A
Beta Proteobacteria
12
Q
-Includes “Enterics” Facultative anaerobes
Escherichia coli - some strains normal inhabitants intestine, other pathogenic (0157:H7)
-Salmonella - food poisoning
-Also “non - enterics”
-Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pathogen in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) and burn wound patients
-Pigment pyoverdin - siderophore
- Vibrio cholerae - cholera
- Shewanella - non-pathogen, aquatic and soil, extracellular electron transport
A
Gamma Proteobacteria
13
Q
- Gram - , social, soil bacteria
- attack other bacteria
- Gliding motility (no flagella)
- Nutrient limiting, cells assemble into fruiting bodies
- with dormant myxospores
A
Delta Proteobacteria
Genus: myxococcus
14
Q
- Smallest group of proteobacteria
- Two major genera that cause disease in humans
- Helicobacter pylori = gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer
- Campylobacter - inflammation of the stomach and intestines
A
Epsilon Proteobacteria
15
Q
- Includes Pathogens
- Staphylococcus (MRSA)
- Streptococcus
- Lactobacillus, Lactococcus
- Fermentation produce lactic acid
- Probiotics, cheese, yogurt
A
Firmicutes (Low G+C Gram +)
