Lecture 13 - Humans and Robots Understanding Each Other

Question 1

A single agent has ….. (4):

Answer 1

Goals
Intentions
Actions
Attention

Question 2

Social interactions need …. (4):

Answer 2

shared goals
shared intentions
joint actions
joint attention

Question 3

Name at least 5 necessary abilities to perceive intentions:

Answer 3

1. read body language
2. read faces
3. detecting eye gaze
4. recognizing emotional expressions
5. perceiving biological motion
6. paying joint attention
7. detecting goal-directed actions
8. discerning agency, imitation, deception, empathy
   ……..

Question 4

A social agent needs to be aware of ………

Answer 4

………. the cognitive state of the other agent

Question 5

With what two theories can we understand other peoples’ actions?

Answer 5

With theory of mind

Or with simulation theory

Question 6

Explain Theory of Mind

Answer 6

We can automatically attribute beliefs, goals, attitudes, and mental states to ourselves and human co-actors.

People interpret observed behaviour from other people according to a generic model of human behaviour, and understand that other people can have different mental states

Question 7

Explain Simulation Theory

Answer 7

Observer uses his or her own action system to calculate and predict the mental processes and actions of others

Includes intentional behaviour and expressions of emotions

Uses more experimental evidence than Theory of Mind

Mirror Neurons!

Question 8

Why is it important that humans and robots understand each other?
Give three reasons

Answer 8

Robots interact more closely with people
People always try to understand the robot’s intentions
Robots will need to deal with (unexpected) human behavior

Question 9

In order to construct a mental model, the robot should know …. (3) :

Answer 9

How to recognize social cues and actions
Rules for social and behavioral interactions
Personal space models

Question 10

What are the advantages of a robot with human-like behaviour?

Answer 10

• Is perceived as more human-like, animate, and emotional
• Can enhance the perception of social intelligence
• Enables natural interactions

Question 11

What kind of directional cues can robots give? (3)

Answer 11

Visual cues
Auditory cues
Behavioral cues

Question 12

What was also found about directional cues?

Answer 12

• LEDs often unnoticed
• LEDs hard to decode
• Speech cues took longer because of orientation
• Results will depend on the type of robot and context
• Movement cue seems effective -> robot needs a clear front

Question 13

What is the most comfortable and most predictable cue for HRI

Answer 13

gaze is an effective cue for indicating directional intentions
LED cues also ‘work best’