Lecture 13- Bone, Bone Marrow , Vessels And Blood Flashcards
State the 5 types of bones
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid (sesame seed-like)
Structure of long bones
- longer than they are wide
- includes femur (longest bone in the body ) and small bones in the finger
Where are long bones located ?
Mostly located in the appendicular Skeleton
Function of long bones
To support the weight of the body and facilitate movement
Structure of short bones
Approximately as long as they are wide
Location of short bones
- wrist and ankle joints
- the carpals in the wrist (scaphoid) and the tarsals in the ankles (calcaneus)
Function of short bones
Short bones provides stability and some movement
Structure of flat bones
Somewhat flattened with roughly parallel opposite edge
Curved
Location of flat bones in the body
- in the skull (occipital)
- thoracic cage (sternum and ribs)
- pelvis(ilium)
Functions of flat bones in the body
- protects internal organs
- also provides large areas of attachments for muscles
Structure of irregular bones
- vary in shape and structure
- often have a fairly complex shape
E.g vertebrae
Function of irregular bones in the body
- protects internal organs
- vertebrae in the vertebrae column protects the spinal cord.
- pelvis(sacrum) protects organs in the pelvic cavity
- provides important ‘anchor’ points muscle groups
Structure of sesamoid bones
-small round bones that are found in the tendons of hands, knees and feet
E.g Patella -generated postnatally
Functions of sesamoid bones
- protects tendons from stress and damage from repeated ‘wear and tear‘
A bones is made up of 2 different structures of bones. What are they ?
Cancellous bone
Compact bone
Features of a cancellous bone
Spongy
Spaces (medullary region ) are filled by red and yellow bone marrow
Features of compact bone
- forms the external surfaces (around the edges)
- thin at the head and gets thick towards the middle
Key features of red bone marrow
- full of developing blood cells
- rich blood supply so its very red
- only found in spongy Bone