Lecture 13 Angiosperms

Question 1

Angiosperm

What is the similarity to the gymnosperm

Answer 1

Flowering plant
- Flowers similar to gymnosperm pine cone because flowers contain the ovule (location of fertilization and harbors growing seed)

Question 2

Different parts of flowers with definitions

Petal, anther, filament stamen, stigma, style, ovary, carpel, ovule

Answer 2

Male: Stamen
- Anther- place of microspore (pollen production)
- Filament- a stalk that suports the anther
Female: Carpel
- Stigma- sticky end that recieves pollen
- Style- Tube which pollen pollen tube must grow
- Ovary- contains the ovule, protects the ovule, and develops into fruit
OTHER:
- Ovule- contains megametophyte (fertilization)
- Petal- modified leaves

Question 3

What part of the flower is male/female? What is a perfect flower

Answer 3

Male-stamen
Female-carpel
Perfect flowers contain both male and female reproductive structures

Question 4

Angiosperm life cycle

1. male
2. female
3. what happens after contact
4. result

Answer 4

1. Anther (male part of flower) meiotically created microspore which becomes pollen grain which can go to the female part where it becomes male gametophyte
2. Female (bottom of carpel) makes megaspore which becomes female gamteophyte that makes the egg
3. 2 sperm gets delivered (2x fertilization) that makes a 3n tissue: One goes to zygote and the other goes to nutritional support for seed
4. Fruit develops from ovary which contains seed

Question 5

Difference in how pollen is carried to the stigma between gymno, angio sperm

Answer 5

Gymno- pollen carried predominantly by win
Angio- Pollen carried including wind and more important animals

Question 6

What is the angiosperm life cycle in short

Answer 6

Microspore (pollen grain) arrives at the stigma and the male gametophyte grows a pollen tube. The pollen tube extends to the ovule, where fertilization occurs

Question 7

3 differences in gymnosperms and angiosperms

Answer 7

1. Megametophyte is even more reudced in angiosperms (100’s less cells)
2. Angiosperms undergo 2x fertilization (2 sperms fertilize in the ovule) 3n sperm is called endosperm
3. Ovary develops into a fruit! which is the mature ovary of a flower that protects dormant seeds and aids in dispersal

Question 8

What 4 reasons have made angiosperms so successful?

Answer 8

1. Continue improvement of morphological structures, such as vascular tissue (more water efficient)
2. Capable of more rapid maturation than gymnosperms (seed to plant in a few days compared to years)
3. Diversity of pollination (wind, water, animals) due to the flower
4. Fruit due to its ability to attract animals (eat fruit and disperse in feces)

Question 9

What is the importance of feces?

Answer 9

Feces can protect seed coat and excellent starting conditions for germination