Lecture 13 Flashcards
What are the concentric actions for muscles which are: Anterior?, Medial? Lateral? and Posterior? What are the exceptions?
Anterior muscles cause flexion, medial cause adduction, lateral cause abduction and posterior cause extension. The only exception for this is at the knee, where anterior muscles cause extension and posterior muscles cause contraction.
Where is the deltoid attached and what does it do?
Attached to the pectoral girdle (scapula and clavicle) and to the shaft of the humerus. Actions include abduction (from its middle part on the lateral side), flexion (via its anterior portion), extension (via posterior portion).
What is the biceps brachii structure? Where is the biceps brachii attached and what does it do?
The biceps brachii is found on the anterior side of the humerus and consists of two heads on one end (the long and short head) the long head attaches to the back of the scapula (travelling over the shoulder) and the short head attaches to the scapula via the front, both also attaches to the radial tuberosity on the radial tuberosity on the radius. It acts to cause flexion at the elbow and supination at the radioulnar joint.
What is the triceps brachii structure? Where is it attached and what does it do?
The triceps brachii is the posterior muscle of the arm and consists of a long, lateral and medial head, the long head attaches at the back of the scapula, the lateral attaches to the back of the top part of the humerus and the medial head also attaches to the humerus. These all end up attaching also to the olecranon of the ulna and acts to cause elbow extension.
What is the illopsoas structure? Where is it attached and what does it do?
The illopsoas is made up of the lliacus and the Psoas major. The Psoas major is attached between the T12-L5 vertebrae and the lliacus is attached at the anterior surface of the pelvis (the ilium) and both attach to the anterior surface of the femur. Together they act to provide hip flexion.
What is the gluteus maximus structure? Where is it attached and what does it do?
A large muscle found on the posterior side of the hip, it is attached to the sacrum and pelvis as well as the femur and the iliotibal band (a tendon which also ends on the femur). it acts to provide hip extension.
What is the quadriceps femoris structure? Where is it attached and what does it do?
A muscle group which is found on the anterior portion of the thigh, consists of the rectus femoris (which covers most of the other muscles) and the vasti muscles (vastus lateralis outermost, vastus medialis on the innermost side and vastus intermedius in between the two). These attach at the pelvis (rectus femoris) or the femur (vasti muscles), but all of these attach to the tibia via the patella tendon and cause knee extension.
What is the hamstrings structure? Where is it attached and what does it do?
A muscle group found on the posterior portion of the thigh, consists of the biceps femoris, semi membranosus and the semi tendinosus. The biceps femoris is attached to both the pelvis and the femur and the fibula. The semi mebranosus and semi tendinosus both attach at the hips and the tibia. These muscles in combination all act to provide flexion at the knee and rotation when the knee is flexed.
What is the tibialis anterior structure? Where is it attached and what does it do?
a relatively small muscle on the anterior portion of the leg which attaches at the tibial tuberosity of the tibia and the medial tarsal of the foot, provides dorsiflexion at the ankle.
What is the triceps surae structure? Where is it attached and what does it do?
A group of two muscles, the gastrocnemius (the larger one) attaches to the femur, the soleus (the smaller one) attaches to the tibia and fibula. Additionally both muscles attach to the calcaneus (the bone at the back of the foot) via a large tendon and act to provide plantarflexion at the ankle.
