lecture 13 & 14 calfhood yearling health and disease Flashcards
Etiology:
the study of the cause of disease, or the manner of causation of a disease (he means more manner of causation.
Enzootic disease:
Epizootic disease:
Sporadic disease:
Enzootic disease: localized disease which affects a few animals year after year (endemic disease)
Epizootic disease: spreads over a large area, causes a big problem
Sporadic disease: fairly ‘isolated’ cases popping up here and there
Bovine respiratory disease complex: (enzootic pneumonia)
Bovine respiratory disease complex is localized to several farms (recurrent disease there in small portion of animals).
Causes: bacterial or viral.
Management: decrease stocking density (especially of newborns, maximize colostrum intake ; mom likely has been exposed to enzootic disease)
Make sure ventilation is sufficient.
Vaccinate the dam: Make sure you have done so in time to maximize IgG counts in colostrum
Antimicrobials: use big guns right out of the gate.
Why is ventilation important in the treatment of bovine respiratory disease (enzootic pneumonia):
Most milking parlor’s have poor ventilation, this isn’t a problem for dairy cows, they are in the parlor for short amounts of time and have an adults immunity. If however you place calves in their (for warmth) it is ripe conditions for transmission of diseases like bovine enzootic pneumonia.
Enzootic muscular dystrophy (nutritional disease) :
AKA white muscle disease
- deficiency in selenium and vitamin E
- Occurs in rapidly growing calves, kids, foals (sheep, cows, horses), harder to keep up with nutritional demand
- treatment utilizes nutritional supplements (exogenous vitamin E and selenium)
Why must you be careful providing exogenous selenium and vitamin E?
Both of these have toxicity associated with them. (which is fairly rare for minerals, but not as rare as he thinks, it must exceptionally toxic)
Always evaulate whether addition of selenium is necessary and helpful first.
How does enzootic muscular distrophy kill?
If a calf is deficient in selenium, what does this mean for the dam?
It leads to muscular paralysis of intercostal muscles followed by suffocation.
It means the dam is very deficient, she has given away all selenium and it was not enough
INFECTIOUS BOVINE KERATOCONJUCTIVITIS: Conjuctivitis/pink eye
- The disease :
Bacterial: moraxella bovis - exotoxin (so the bacteria produces the toxin, which destroys red blood cells)
Discharge in eye, swelling tearing.
Herfords are infected most
INFECTIOUS BOVINE KERATOCONJUCTIVITIS: Conjuctivitis/pink eye
- treatment and prevention :
Cornea is hydrophobic, and there must be a laceration in order to see symptoms.
Prevention: fly control (flies cause lacerations on eyes), dust and irritant control.
Treatment: I.M. Oxytetracycline
Ringworm :
- Disease
Fungal infection Zoonotic Self limiting (1 - 4 months) annular areas of hair loss and crusty skin Commonly carried by cats
Ringworm :
- treatment and prevention
1:10 dilution of clorax bleach, or 1% iodine on lesion, otc antifungal.
Prevention:
Sterilize environment
Reduce transmission via fomites (brushes, etc)
If possible separate infected animals
TRAUMATIC RETICULOPERITONITIS“HARDWARE DISEASE”:
- Disease:
Sporadic disease: Scene most frequently in ruminants due to indiscriminate eating behavior
Penetration of wire or other hardware through the diaphragm and into the pericardium. Leads to infection
abdominal pain, short stride, increased heart rate, decreased appetite and milk production
TRAUMATIC RETICULOPERITONITIS“HARDWARE DISEASE”:
- prevention
Oral magnet (check with a compass if they have one)
Overeating disease:
- disease
Common in sheep and lambs.
Cause : C. perfringens type C & D (epsilon exotoxin)
Clinical signs: Sudden death, incoordination due to hemorrhage and vascular effects of toxin (brain), bloating
Overeating disease:
- prevention
Course of disease is so rapid treatment doesn’t often work : C & D antitoxin
treat with vaccine : C. perfringens type C & D (epsilon exotoxin)
Endemic areas give antitoxin
