Lecture 12: Interspecific Interactions 2 Mutualisms and Commensalism

Question 1

mutualisms are (common/uncommon) and (diverse/scarce)

Answer 1

common, diverse

Question 2

What are the two main categories of mutualisms

Answer 2

facultative and obligate

Question 3

what is facultative mutualisms

Answer 3

not necessary for
survival of either species
> can live independently

Question 4

what is obligative mutualisms

Answer 4

necessary for survival
and reproduction of one or
both species
- can be symbiotic

Question 5

in mutualisms individuals of both species benefit on avg. is this cooperation or reciprocal exploitation?

Answer 5

reciprocal exploitation
- both species ncur costs but the benefits to each partner exceed the costs

Question 6

service-resource mutualisms

Answer 6

plant pollinator mutualisms

butterfly provides service of pollination, flower provides resource of nectar

Question 7

how do flowers manipulate pollinators?

Answer 7

-restricted access
-visual cues
-deception

Question 8

how do pollinators manipulate flowers?

Answer 8

nectar robbing

Question 9

what are nectar robbers

Answer 9

extract resource without providing service

Question 10

commensalism

Answer 10

an interaction in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed or helped

Question 11

can commensalism become mutualistic

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

what influences population dynamics and selection pressures

Answer 12

species interactions

Question 13

what type of interaction are mutualisms?

Answer 13

+/+ benefits both species

Question 14

Pollination goes from the ____

Answer 14

stamen to the stigma