Lecture 12 - CXR Flashcards
Penetration
Degree to which Xrays pass through the body
Adequate penetration
Can just see vertebrae through over heart
Complete left hemidiaphragm is visible
Rotation
Spinous processes of vertebrae should be aligned with the clavicles
Inclusion
What we need to see
1st rib to costophrenic angle
Projection
Normally PA as less structures in the way
Meniscus
Plueral effusion
Stomach bubble
Air in fundus on left side
Aorto-pulmonary window
Space between the aortic knuckle and left pulmonary artery
Atrial enlargement
Can increase carina
Fissures
Normally do not see oblique fissure but can get horizontal fissure as fluid accumulation
CXR evaluation
Patient demographics
Projection
Adequacy
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Diaphragm and bones
Pneumothorax
Air trapped in the pleural space
Tracheal shift away from the pneumothorax
Depressed hemidiaphragm
Visible pleural edge
Lung markings not visible
Pleural effusion
Collection fluid in the pleural space
Uniform white area
Loss of costophrenic angle
Hemidiaphragm obscured
Meniscus at upper border
Lobar lung collpse
Elevation of the hemidiaphragm
Shift of the mediastinum towards the atelectasis
Loss of costophrenic angle
Sail sign
Types of consolidation
Pus - pneumonia
Blood - haemorrhage
Fluid - oedema
Cells - cancer
