Lecture 12 - coughing diseases (specht) Flashcards
overweight middle age to older toy breed dog with a worsening, loud, NP, “goose honk” , cough
collapsing trachea
a dog that had a sudden worsening of collapsing trachea probably has
concurrent dz
be very careful about __ with collapsing trachea dogs
stress
dx collapsing trachea
TXR; lateral inspiratory and expiratory views
fluoroscopy
bronchoscopy
__ collaspe is visible on expiratory films
intrathoracic
__ collapse visible on inspiratory films
extrathroacic
acute emergency tx for collapsing trachea
O2
sedative (diazepam, ace, opioids)
anti-inflamm; steroids
intubation or tracheostomy
medical management of collapsing trachea
weight reduction!!! replace collar with harness minimize exercise reduce inhaled irritants (smoke) anti-tussives (lomotil) short term glucocorts
intreventional management of collapsing trachea
salvage procedures when med management has fialed
external prostheses
stents
sudden onset of severe NP or P cough that is easily induced by tracheal palpation and recent hx of contact
canine infectious respiratory dz
T/F: there are generally signs of systemic illness with canine infectious resp dz
false, NO signs
definitive dx for CIRD
PCR
tx for CIRD
Avoid strenuous exercise
cough suppressants PRN in NP cough cases (not productive coughs!)
most cases of CIRD don’t require __ bc it is self-limiting and often viral in orgin
ab
__ are contraindicated in CIRD
steroids, increases viral shedding
dx bacterial pneumonia
TTW or BAL or pulmonary FNA; degenerative neutrophilic inflammation +/- bacteria
__ is contraindicated in bacterial pneumonia casese
antitussives (except if cough is extremely debilitating, want to hack up all the flem)
tx for bacterial pneumonia should continue for at least __ beyond resolution of clinical/rad signs
2wks
young, unvaccinated, highly exposed dog
viral pneumonia; distemper and influenze
diffuse miliary/nodular interstitial pattern, hilar lymphadenopathy, and coughing
fungal pneumonia
for fungal pneumonia treat at least __ beyond resolution of CS/Rads
1-2mo
__ are controversial in treating fungal pneumonia bc may suppress IS futher and limit inflammaotyr response to dying fungi
steroids
secondary to vomiting, dysphagia, megaesophagus, altered consciousness, force-feeding and incorrect placement of feeding tubes
aspiration pneumonitis
T/F: many cases of aspiration pneumonitis do not require ab
true
__ may increase the risk of secondary bacterial pneumonia
PPI or H2 blockers (decrease stomach acid = bacteria grow)
tx for aspiration pneumonia
symptomatic
O2, nebulization, coupage, head lower than chest if recumbent
when should you consider using Ab to tx aspiration pneumonia
no improvement in 2-3d
inflamm leukogram worsening
fever develops
animal on H2 blockers or PPI
most common cause of chronic cough in dogs
canine chronic bronchitis
idiopathic long-term airway inflammation in middle age overweight dogs
canine chronic bronchitis
most common CS for canine chronic bronchitis
chronic, dry NP cough
tx for canine chronic bronchitis
damage to airway is mostly irriversible, so must tx CS rather than cure dz
glucocorticoids
bronchodilators
+/- cough suppresants and ab
weight loss
mainstay tx/single most effective therapy for canine chronic bronchitis
steroids! (prednisone)
canine chronic bronchitis case that has exercise intolerance and wheezing may want to add a
bronchodilator; relax the bronchial SM
beta agonists (terbutaline, albuterol)
methylxanthines (aminophylline)
cough suppressant that can be used in NP cough or severe coughs
hydrocondone
SE: drowsiness, constipation
CIRD contagious acute dz of dogs caused by which agents
canine parainfluenza virus canine adenovirus 2 bordetella bronchiseptica canine influenza mycoplasma canine distemper
other ddx for acute coughing include
PTE CHF FB non-cardiac pulm edema eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy post-nasal drip hemorrhage
if you stress a patient with __ they can rapidly progress and die
tracheal collaspe
__ is the permanent dilation of the bronchi and is a complication of chronic respiratory dz; higher risk of infection
bronchiectasis
__ is a term used to describe a variety of conditions which share eosinophilic infiltration
eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy
idiopathic
