Lecture 12

Question 1

Blood and hemolymph carry

Answer 1

• Oxygen
• CO2 produced by mitochondria
• Glucose
• Hormones
• Immune Cells

Question 2

What are the components of vertebrate blood?

Answer 2

• Plasma (55%)
• Erythrocytes (45%)
• Other blood cells (<1%)

Question 3

What is the plasma?

Answer 3

Liquid part of blood containing water and substances (glucose, ions and hormones)

Question 4

Erythrocytes function to

Answer 4

Carry O2 and CO2

Question 5

What are mechanisms to move blood in veins back to the heart?

Answer 5

• Skeletal muscle pump

- Respiratory Pump

Question 6

The skeletal muscle pump functions to

Answer 6

Use the normal contraction of striated muscle to help push blood back towards the heart

Question 7

Normal walking involves muscle contractions that

Answer 7

Squeeze veins and assist in returning venous blood back to the heart

Question 8

The Respiratory Pump functions to

Answer 8

Use muscle contractions associated with breathing, specifically by the diaphragm

Question 9

What happens during Inhalation?

Answer 9

Diaphragm muscles contract and move blood through the veins towards the heart

Question 10

The variation of blood pressure in different parts is important for the

Answer 10

Correct circulatory system function and blood pressure needs to be controlled

Question 11

Primary means of circulatory system regulation is via

Answer 11

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Question 12

Baroreceptor Reflex is used to make sure that

Answer 12

Heads of animals receive a continual supply of blood during changes in body position, which have a strong influence on blood pressure

Question 13

Orthostatic Hypotension is

Answer 13

Fainting due to low blood pressure

Question 14

Orthostatic Hypotension is prevented by

Answer 14

Baroreceptor reflex

Question 15

What are Baroreceptors?

Answer 15

Pressure sensitive neurons found in the walls of arteries

Question 16

What happens when Baroreceptors are activated by a decrease in pressure?

Answer 16

They send APs to the adrenal glands to release hormone to cause vasoconstriction, which increases the BP, keeps blood in the head and prevents fainting

Question 17

Strategies to overcome limitations of slow diffusion:

Answer 17

• Circulating external medium throughout the body
• Diffusion of gases across all or most of body surface by transporting gas in an internal circulatory system
• Diffusion across a specialized respiratory surface accompanied by circulatory system transport