Lecture 12

Question 1

Basement Membrane

Answer 1

Barrier a carcinoma must break through in order to metastasize

Question 2

Josh Fidler’s Experiment on Metastasis of B16 Melanomas

Answer 2

Individual cells in the B16 cell population could either very low or very high metastatic potential

Question 3

Late Dissemination Model

Answer 3

Cells stay in the primary tumor until multiple mutations occur giving cells a stable alteration in adherence, migration, and invasion

Question 4

Early Dissemination Model

Answer 4

Cells achieve a transient alteration in adherence, migration, and invasion via the gain of a single oncogene and the re-activation of Twist gene expression in response to stimulation by local tumor environment

Question 5

2 Genes Expressed Higher in Metastatic Tumors vs. Non-Metastatic Tumors

Answer 5

RhoC and Twist

Question 6

High RhoC Gene Levels

Answer 6

Cell migration and cell invasion are both enhanced (by transfection)

Question 7

High Amounts of Negative RhoC gene levels

Answer 7

The number of lung metastases is dramatically reduced

Question 8

Twist Protein

Answer 8

Functions as a transcription factor to increase the amount of mRNA made for Twist regulated genes
Can be turned on from environmental factors like TGF-B