Lecture 11 - The Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

what are the parts of the axial skeleton?

Answer 1

skull - neurocranium and facial skeleton
vertebral column
rib cage

Question 2

what are the parts of the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 2

pectoral girdles - clavicle and scapula
pelvic girdles - sacrum and hip bones

Question 3

what is compact bone?

Answer 3

cortical bone - solid mass off bone, forms outer covering of bone sfor strength

Question 4

what is cancellous bone?

Answer 4

trabecular/spongy bone - inside compact bone, lighter, reduces weight, spaces contain marrow (red: blood cells produced, yellow: fat)

Question 5

flexion

Answer 5

flexing

Question 6

extension

Answer 6

unflexing

Question 7

abduction

Answer 7

limbs away from trunk

Question 8

adduction

Answer 8

limbs brought back to trunk

Question 9

medial rotation

Answer 9

rotated inward to midline

Question 10

lateral rotation

Answer 10

rotated outward from midline

Question 11

inversion

Answer 11

soles of feet face each other

Question 12

eversion

Answer 12

soles of feet face outwards

Question 13

supination

Answer 13

supine position (palms up)

Question 14

pronation

Answer 14

palms down

Question 15

circumduction

Answer 15

arm rotations from shoulder joint

Question 16

how is the vertebral column separated?

Answer 16

C1-C7
T1-T12
L1-L5
5 sacral
4 coccygeal

Question 17

fibrous joint

Answer 17

fixed e.g. teeth attached to jaw

Question 18

cartilaginous joints

Answer 18

little to no movement, separated by cartilage e.g. intervertebral discs

Question 19

synovial joints

Answer 19

free moving joints containing synovial fluid for lubrication e.g. plane, hinge, saddle, pivot, ellipsoid, ball & socket

Question 20

how does the musculoskeletal system change with age?

Answer 20

Amount of connective tissue increases in muscles
Number of muscle fibers decreases
Loss of muscle mass with aging
Decrease in muscular strength by 50% by age 80
Regular exercise reverses this

Question 21

bony landmarks of head

Answer 21

• frontal bone
• temporal line
• nasal
• zygomatic
• mandible
• clavicle

Question 22

bony landmarks of front body

Answer 22

• acromion process
• sternum
• ribs
• iliac crest
• anterior superior iliac spine
• pubic bone

Question 23

bony landmarks of backside body

Answer 23

• C7
• medial border of scapula
• spine of scapula
• posterior superior iliac spine
• sacrum
• tailbone

Question 24

bony landmarks of arms and hands

Answer 24

• olecranon
• medial epicondyle of humerus
• ulna furrow
• styloid process of ulna
• styloid process of radius
• phlanges

Question 25

bony landmarks of legs

Answer 25

• greater trochanter
• medial epicondyle of femur
• lateral epicondyle
• medial condyle of tibia
• medial malleolus
• lateral malleolus
• head of fibula

Question 26

bony lands marks of feet

Answer 26

• phalanges
• calcaneus
• 5th metatarsal

Question 27

major muscles of the head (3)

Answer 27

• occipitofrontalis
• trapezius
• sternocleidomastoid

Question 28

major muscles of the back (4)

Answer 28

• trapezius
• latissimus dorsi
• teres major
• erector spinae

Question 29

major muscles of the abdomen

Answer 29

• external oblique
• internal oblique
• transversus abdominis
• rectus abdominis

Question 30

muscles of pelvic floor

Answer 30

• levator ani
• coccygeus

Question 31

major muscles of the arm

Answer 31

• deltoid
• biceps
• triceps
• flexor/extensor carpi radialis
• flexor/extensor carpi ulnaris
• thenar/hypothenar (hand)

Question 32

muscles of the leg (7)

Answer 32

• quadriceps
• vastus lateralis/medialis
• adductors
• gluteus
• hamstrings
• gastrocnemius
• anterior tibialis