Lecture 11 The Ageing Respiratory System Flashcards
When expressed relative to body size, what happens to resting tidal volume in children as they grow?
a) increases
b) decreases
c) stays the same
d) fluctuates up and down
b) decreases
When comparing ventilatory responses to exercise between children and adults, which of the following statements is true?
a) Children hyperventilate during exercise compared with adults
b) Airway resistance is greater in adults compared with children
c) The energy demands of ventilation during exercise are smaller in children
d) Ventilatory responses to exercise do not differ between children and adults
a) Children hyperventilate during exercise compared
with adults
Which of the following is true regarding ventilatory drive in children versus adults?
a) The slope of the relationship between minute ventilation and VCO2 (rate of elimination of carbon dioxide) becomes steeper as children grow
b) End tidal CO2 during exercise is higher in children than in adults
c) Children exhibit a lower CO2 sensitivity threshold for increasing ventilation beyond steady-state
levels.
a) There are no known differences in ventilatory drive between children and adults.
c) Children exhibit a lower CO2 sensitivity threshold for increasing ventilation beyond steady state levels.
Which of the following lung volumes/capacities decreases with aging during adulthood?
a) Total lung capacity (TLC)
b) Vital capacity (VC)
c) Residual volume (RV)
d) Functional residual capacity (FRC)
b) Vital capacity (VC)
Which of the following changes to the respiratory system does not typically occur with ageing during adulthood?
a) decreased work of breathing
b) reduced alveolar surface area
c) greater mismatching of ventilation and perfusion
d) sarcopenia affecting respiratory muscles
a) decreased work of breathing
Reduced peak expiratory flow with aging in adults is thought to be due to?
a) Thickening of pulmonary arteries
b) Central sleep apnoea
c) Decreased percentage of VO2 devoted to respiratory muscles
d) Collapsibility of small peripheral airways associated with the loss of supporting tissue
d) Collapsibility of small peripheral airways associated with the loss of supporting tissue
How do the elderly compensate for altered gas exchange at
rest and during exercise?
a) By taking slow, shallow breaths to maintain lung ventilation
b) Greater ventilatory response to CO2 during exercise
c) During hypercapnea the CO2 threshold for increased inspiratory effort is increased
d) Sweat rate per gland is positively correlated with pubertal
status.
b) Greater ventilatory response to CO2 during exercise
According to research, which phase of the menstrual cycle may have a negative effect on prolonged exercise performance through elevated
body temperature and increased cardiovascular strain?
a) Early follicular
b) Mid-luteal
c) Ovulation
d) Late follicular
b) Mid-luteal
Intensive exercise training in girls can be associated with secondary amenorrhea due to inhibition of which axis?
a) anterior-posterior axis
b) gut-brain axis
c) calcium-parathyroid hormone-vitamin D axis
d) hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
d) hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
