Lecture 11 - Sterilization, Disinfection, Antisepsis

Question 1

What are the 4 routes of transmission during dental treatment?

Answer 1

direct contact
indirect transmission
spatter
aerosolization

Question 2

How does indirect transmission work?

Answer 2

via a contaminated intermediate object

Question 3

T/F standard infection control practices are not effective against HIV

Answer 3

F - they are highly effective

Question 4

Which virus has many documented cases of transmission from and to health care workers?

Answer 4

hepatitis B

Question 5

this disease has low risk of transmission during dental procedures

Answer 5

tuberculosis

Question 6

T/F

tuberculosis is transmitted by surface contamination

Answer 6

F - not transmitted

Question 7

Which types of herpes are present in oral cavity?

Answer 7

herpes simplex I and II

Question 8

________ items come into contact with tissue or vascular system (surgical instruments)

Answer 8

critical

Question 9

___________ items come into contact with mucous membranes or non-intact skin (curing light)

Answer 9

semi-critical

Question 10

__________ items touch intact skin (blood pressure cuff)

Answer 10

noncritical

Question 11

destruction or removal of all forms of life including spores

Answer 11

sterilization

Question 12

T/F
sterilization is used on only inanimate objects
disinfectants are used on only inanimate objects

Answer 12

T

T

Question 13

inhibition or destruction of pathogens (spores not being killed)

Answer 13

disinfectants

Question 14

what are formulated to destroy pathogenic microorganisms on living tissues, and are safe to use on human tissues (soap)?

Answer 14

antiseptics

Question 15

T/F

antiseptics and disinfectants cannot be used interchangeably

Answer 15

T

Question 16

this level disinfection destroys all microorganisms with the exception of bacterial spores

Answer 16

high level disinfection

Question 17

this level disinfection inactivates mycobacterium tuberculosis, vegetative bacteria, most viruses and most fungi but it does not necessarily kills bacterial spores

Answer 17

intermediate level disinfection

Question 18

this level disinfection kills most bacteria, some viruses and some fungi but cannot be relied on to kill resistant microorganisms like mycobacterium tuberculosis or bacterial spores

Answer 18

low level disinfection

Question 19

What is required of critical items? semicritical items? noncritical items?

Answer 19

critical items must be sterilized
semicritical items must have high or intermediate level disinfection
noncritical items need a low level disinfectant

Question 20

what is the most commonly used method of steam sterilization?

Answer 20

autoclave

Question 21

which type of steam sterilization is used on dental coach?

Answer 21

flash steam sterilization

Question 22

T/F
higher temperatures for longer time are required for dry heat sterilization
heat transfer is fast enough that any packages can be sterilized

Answer 22

T

F - heat transfer is slow and packages need to be small

Question 23

T/F dry heat sterilization is fine for handpieces

rapid heat transfer sterilization is fine for handpieces

Answer 23

F

F

Question 24

T/F
penetration for steam sterilization is better than unsaturated chemical vapor sterilization
items must be loosely packed and dry for chemiclave

Answer 24

T

T

Question 25

T/F
chemical monitoring shows only that package has been processed through heat cycle
chemical monitoring ensures adequacy of sterilization cycle

Answer 25

T

F - does not ensure adequacy

Question 26

what indicators provide the best guarantee of sterilization?

Answer 26

biological (biological monitoring)

Question 27

T/F you can use chemical sterilant in place of heat

Answer 27

F

Question 28

what are effective against vegetative bacteria like m. tuberculosis, fungi, viruses and spores

Answer 28

glutaraldehydes

Question 29

quaternary ammonium solutions provide intermediate level surface disinfection for which kind of items?

Answer 29

Semicritical

Question 30

phenols and derivatives are what level of disinfection?

Answer 30

intermediate

Question 31

what percentage of alcohol is ideal?

Answer 31

70%

Question 32

alcohols are effective against which common staph infection?

Answer 32

MRSA

Question 33

detergents provide ________________ and disrupt _____________

Answer 33

mechanical cleansing

cell membranes

Question 34

are detergents good disinfectants?

Answer 34

no

Question 35

T/F
iodine and iodophors are a good handwashing antiseptic
they are good surface low-level disinfectant.

Answer 35

T

F - intermediate-level

Question 36

To prevent backflow from suction devices

• —-do not have patients seal lips around suction device
• —-position suction device below level of tubing

Answer 36

T

F - do not position below level of tubing

Question 37

what are the most efficacious agents for reducing the number of bacteria on the hands?

Answer 37

alcohol-based hand rub

Question 38

what is recommended for visibly soiled hands?

Answer 38

soap and water

Question 39

what is recommended for routine decontamination of hands for all clinical indications?

Answer 39

alcohol-based hand rub

Question 40

when to wash hands with soap and water?

Answer 40

when they are visibly dirty or soiled with blood or other body fluids or after using the toilet

Question 41

if exposed to potential spore-forming pathogens what is the preferred means?

Answer 41

hand washing with soap and water

Question 42

what is the preferred means for routine hand antisepsis if hands are not visibly soiled?

Answer 42

alcohol-based handrub