Lecture 11 - Sterilization, Disinfection, Antisepsis Flashcards
What are the 4 routes of transmission during dental treatment?
direct contact
indirect transmission
spatter
aerosolization
How does indirect transmission work?
via a contaminated intermediate object
T/F standard infection control practices are not effective against HIV
F - they are highly effective
Which virus has many documented cases of transmission from and to health care workers?
hepatitis B
this disease has low risk of transmission during dental procedures
tuberculosis
T/F
tuberculosis is transmitted by surface contamination
F - not transmitted
Which types of herpes are present in oral cavity?
herpes simplex I and II
________ items come into contact with tissue or vascular system (surgical instruments)
critical
___________ items come into contact with mucous membranes or non-intact skin (curing light)
semi-critical
__________ items touch intact skin (blood pressure cuff)
noncritical
destruction or removal of all forms of life including spores
sterilization
T/F
sterilization is used on only inanimate objects
disinfectants are used on only inanimate objects
T
T
inhibition or destruction of pathogens (spores not being killed)
disinfectants
what are formulated to destroy pathogenic microorganisms on living tissues, and are safe to use on human tissues (soap)?
antiseptics
T/F
antiseptics and disinfectants cannot be used interchangeably
T
this level disinfection destroys all microorganisms with the exception of bacterial spores
high level disinfection
this level disinfection inactivates mycobacterium tuberculosis, vegetative bacteria, most viruses and most fungi but it does not necessarily kills bacterial spores
intermediate level disinfection
this level disinfection kills most bacteria, some viruses and some fungi but cannot be relied on to kill resistant microorganisms like mycobacterium tuberculosis or bacterial spores
low level disinfection
What is required of critical items? semicritical items? noncritical items?
critical items must be sterilized
semicritical items must have high or intermediate level disinfection
noncritical items need a low level disinfectant
what is the most commonly used method of steam sterilization?
autoclave
which type of steam sterilization is used on dental coach?
flash steam sterilization
T/F
higher temperatures for longer time are required for dry heat sterilization
heat transfer is fast enough that any packages can be sterilized
T
F - heat transfer is slow and packages need to be small
T/F dry heat sterilization is fine for handpieces
rapid heat transfer sterilization is fine for handpieces
F
F
T/F
penetration for steam sterilization is better than unsaturated chemical vapor sterilization
items must be loosely packed and dry for chemiclave
T
T
T/F
chemical monitoring shows only that package has been processed through heat cycle
chemical monitoring ensures adequacy of sterilization cycle
T
F - does not ensure adequacy
what indicators provide the best guarantee of sterilization?
biological (biological monitoring)
T/F you can use chemical sterilant in place of heat
F
what are effective against vegetative bacteria like m. tuberculosis, fungi, viruses and spores
glutaraldehydes
quaternary ammonium solutions provide intermediate level surface disinfection for which kind of items?
Semicritical
phenols and derivatives are what level of disinfection?
intermediate
what percentage of alcohol is ideal?
70%
alcohols are effective against which common staph infection?
MRSA
detergents provide ________________ and disrupt _____________
mechanical cleansing
cell membranes
are detergents good disinfectants?
no
T/F
iodine and iodophors are a good handwashing antiseptic
they are good surface low-level disinfectant.
T
F - intermediate-level
To prevent backflow from suction devices
- —-do not have patients seal lips around suction device
- —-position suction device below level of tubing
T
F - do not position below level of tubing
what are the most efficacious agents for reducing the number of bacteria on the hands?
alcohol-based hand rub
what is recommended for visibly soiled hands?
soap and water
what is recommended for routine decontamination of hands for all clinical indications?
alcohol-based hand rub
when to wash hands with soap and water?
when they are visibly dirty or soiled with blood or other body fluids or after using the toilet
if exposed to potential spore-forming pathogens what is the preferred means?
hand washing with soap and water
what is the preferred means for routine hand antisepsis if hands are not visibly soiled?
alcohol-based handrub
