Lecture 11 -- Spirochetes, Chlamydia Flashcards
name the 3 genera of spirochetes associated with human disease
treponema
borrelia
leptospira
what disease does treponema cause
syphilis
what disease does borrelia cause
Lyme disease
what disease does Leptospira cause
Leptospirosis
explain the morphology of treponema pallidum
corkscrew spirals
what is the ONLY reservoir of treponema pallidum
HUMANS
What is the primary route of transmission of treponema pallidum
sexual
in a sample of treponema pallidum infection, what can be seen under the microscope?
chancre (genital lesion) or secondary lesions
primary syphilis infects ____
secondary syphilis infects ___
tertiary syphilis infects ____
primary – genitals (chancre)
secondary – skin (flu like symptoms – rash)
tertiary – heart, brain (chronic inflammatory infection)
is treponema pallidum gram positive or negative?
negative
how does a primary syphilis infection become secondary
because the bacteria survives in phagocytes and then spreads
true or false
treponema pallidum is a strict human pathogen
true
venereal meaning
sexually transmitted
what are the required conditions for treponema pallidum to grow
either microaerobic or aerobic
explain a unique strctural feature of treponema paillidum
has 3 flagella
what are 3 species of chlamydiaceae associated with human disease?
also name their respective diseases
chalmydia trachomatis — genital infection or conjunctivitis
chlamydophila psittaci – zoonotic pneumonia
chalamydophila pneumonia – atypical pneumonia
of the 3 chlamydiaceae associated with human disease, which is most common
chlamydia trachomatis
what disease is caused by A,B,Ba,C serovars of chlamydia trachomatis
conjunctivitis
chlamydia were originally though to be…..
viruses
why were chlamydia originally thought to be viruses?
they’re very small and INTRACELLULAR
contain DNA and RNA
explain the structure of chlamydia
gram positive or negative?
gram negative, but NO peptidoglycan
what does chlamydia synthesize?
proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
explain the unique developmental cycle of chalmydia
has elemental bodies (EBs) and RBs (reticulate bodies_
elemental bodies = inactive INFECTIOUS form
reticulate bodies - active NONINFECTIOUS forms
elemental bodies infect the cell and then transform into reticulate bodies.
then, some RB becomes EB (infectious particle) and get released into the surroundings where they infect other cells. the RBs continually divide
all happening in a phagosome – prevented formation of full phagolysosome and stay intracellular
does chlamydia trachomatis spread easily?
NO
can only infect non-ciliated columnar, cuboidal, and transitional epithelium
how is chlamydia trachomatis recognized by the immune system
has 2 outer membrane proteins
MOMP (major outer membrane protein)
OMP2 (outer membrane protein)
how is chlamydia trachomatis transmitted
sexual
respiratory droplets
through placenta
chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of….. (what 2 things)
WHY?
leading cause of preventable blindness
most common STD in the US
can be asymptomatic
Biovars A-C of chlamydia trachomatis cause….
TRACHOMA
symptoms = conjunctivitis
vascularization and corneal scarring
blindness
biovars D-K of chlamydia trachomatis cause…
urogenital infections — 80% of women are asymptomatic
biovar L of chlamydia trachomatis causes…
LGV (lymphogranuloma venereum)
-enlargement of genital lymph nodes, and the SYMPTOMATIC spread
