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GI Physiology > Lecture 11 - small intestine > Flashcards

Lecture 11 - small intestine Flashcards

1
Q

When do we get rumbling or a series of peristaltic waves?

A

men - 91 mins

women - 89 mins

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2
Q

what is rumbling caused by?

A

It is caused by turbulent flow and so water that is falling on air causes bubbles and sounds

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3
Q

where does most of the absorption of nutrients occur?

A

in the small intestine

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4
Q

where does most of the digestion occur?

A

before the small intestine

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5
Q

When does chyme move into the small intestine?

A

0-3 hours after entering the stomach

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6
Q

how long does it take for chyme to move through the small intestine?

A

1-6 hr because it is 6 m

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7
Q

where is digested food absorbed?

A

into the blood stream and lymphatic system

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8
Q

what occurs in the duodenum?

A

absorption and digestion

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9
Q

what occurs in the jejunum?

A

absorption and digestion

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10
Q

what occurs in the ileum?

A

absorption

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11
Q

what is the conduction rate in the small intestine?

A

1 cm/min

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12
Q

what is the small intestine influenced by in regards to the nervous system and hormones?

A
  • enteric nervous system

- hormones: gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin

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13
Q

SA in small intestine? from just cylinder to circular folds to villi to microvilli

A

cylinder - relative SA: 1 and actual SA (m2): 0.33
circular folds- 3 and 1
villi - 30 and 10
microvilli - 600 and 200 m2

3 fold to 10 fold to 20 fold
Surface area of small intestine is 200 m2
total of 600 fold increase

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14
Q

Organisation of gut wall?

A

lining the lumen - absorptive cells
below - neurral and muscular components

blood and lynph vasculature is abundant to transport absorbed nutrients

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15
Q

by projecting into the lumen, the villi ….. SA for …… of nutrients

A
  • increases

- absorption

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16
Q

Microvilli ….. the villi to …. SA

A
  • fringe

- increase

17
Q

what is digestion in the small intestine aided by?

A

it is aided by exymes and fluid that is secreted by the pancreas

18
Q

what doe exocrine cells of the pancreas secrete?

A

digestive enzyme?

19
Q

what do duct cells secrete?

A

bicarbonate

20
Q

how are secretions from the liver and pancreas delivered to the duodenum?

A

through the sphincter of oddi

21
Q

What do acini and duct cells secrete?

A

acini - secrete enzymes

duct - secrete bicarbonate

22
Q

what are acini and duct cells stimulated by?

A

acini - CCK and ACh

duct - secretin

23
Q

what is pancreatitis?

A

inflammation of the pancreas

24
Q

where does intestinal fluid come from?

A

it comes from the pancreas and liver

25
Q

what does intestinal fluid contain?

A

pancreas:
-secretion of NaHCO3 solution - CL/HCO3 antiport co transporter on apical membrane, HCO3 enters pancreatic duct and Na+ is secreted through cell junctions

Liver:
-NaHCO3 secreted by liver (bile)

26
Q

what happens to the small intestine when there is an increase in acid present int he stomach?

A
  1. ) increase presence of acid in the stomach
  2. ) small intestine secretes secretin
  3. ) Increase in plasma secretin
  4. ) pancreas increases bicarbonate secretion
  5. ) increase flow of bicarbonate into the small intestine
  6. ) small intestine neutralises intestinal acid
27
Q

secretin receptors found in the ….. respond to increase acid (and so release of secretin from small intestine) with additional ….. delivery which causes ….. and ….

A
  • pancreas
  • bicarbonate
  • gastric motility and secretion are inhibited
28
Q

what is the function of deoxyribonuclease?

A

it is protection because we dont want viral DNA in the blood stream so it breaks it down

29
Q

How much carbs do we use a day and how much does the brain use a day?

A
  • we use 250g/day

- brain - 125 g/day

30
Q

how much carbs do we eat a day?

A

250 g/day

31
Q

what are some challenges in the absorption of carbs?

A

glucose, fructose and galactose are polar molecules so cant cross membranes except with transporters

32
Q

What are some transporters of glucose?

A

GLUT 2 and SGLT 1

33
Q

What kind of carbs are absorbed in the body?

A

only monosaccharides are absorbed so disaccharides and polysaccharides must be digested before they are absorbed.

GI Physiology (16 decks)

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