Lecture 11 - Shoulder girdle

Question 1

What are the functions of the upper limb?

Answer 1

Reaching, grasping

Lifting, carrying

Throwing, hitting

Delicate manipulations (mainly fingers of the hand)

Question 2

What bones comprise the shoulder girdle?

Answer 2

Scapula and clavicle

Question 3

Describe the morphology of the scapula

Answer 3

The scapula is a flat triangular shaped bone. It has 3 borders, and 3 angles.

On the anterior surface there is a concavity known as the subscapular fossa, and on the posterior side there are two fossas divided by the spine of the scapula, the Supraspinatus fossa, and the infraspinatus fossa.

The spine of the scapula ends as the acromion, and the process projecting anteriorly is the coracoid process

The medial and lateral border, spine, acromion and Coracoid process act as sites for attachements for muscles

Question 4

What two things does the clavicle join together?

Answer 4

The clavicle acts as a strut, joing the scapula to the sternum

Question 5

Label this

Answer 5

Question 6

How can the scapula move?

Answer 6

The scapula is a mobile bone that can slide relative to the rib cage; in conjunction with the clavicle, sternoclavicular and Acromioclavicular joints

Question 7

What is the clavicle attached to on the medial side?

Answer 7

It is connected to the manubrium, and the first rib

Question 8

What are the six movements of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 8

Elevation, depression

Protraction, retraction

Medial and lateral rotation

Question 9

What are some other words used for flexion and extension which mean the same thing?

Answer 9

Anteversion = flexion

Retroversion = extension

Question 10

What limits movement of the shoulder joint?

Answer 10

Ligaments and muscles of the shoulder joint (mainly stabilising muscles)

Question 11

What does the sternoclavicular joint connect, and what kind of joint is it?

Answer 11

Connects the clavicle to sternum and 1st costal cartilage

It is a ball and socket joint, with there being a fibrocartilaginous articular disc within the joint (acts as a damper)

Question 12

Label this

Answer 12

Question 13

What two bones does the costoclavicular ligament connect?

Answer 13

The first rib and its costal cartialge inferiorly to the clavicle

Question 14

Where is the Acromioclavicular joint? And briefly describe what kind of joint it is

Answer 14

It’s a small synovial (plane joint) between the acromion and lateral end of clavicle

It has a pad of fibrocartilage that projects into the joint

It is also supported by the coracoclavicular ligament (trapezoid and conoid ligaments)

Question 15

What is the proper name of the shoulder joint?

Answer 15

Glenohumeral joint

Question 16

Label this

Answer 16

Question 17

Why is there such a large range of movement at the shoulder joint?

Answer 17

The joint surface of the scapula is small relative to the joint surface of the humerus

Question 18

What group of muscles stabilises the shoulder joint?

Answer 18

Rotator cuff muscles

Question 19

What are the rotaror cuff muscles?

Answer 19

Subscapularis

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Each muscle has a tendon, which blends together to form a ‘cuff’

Question 20

Label this

Answer 20

Question 21

What is the main extrinsic muscle of the shoulder joint?

Answer 21

Deltoid muscle

It consists for 3 parts, and it’s key function is abduction

Question 22

Which nerve innervates the deltoid muscle?

Answer 22

Axiallary nerve

Question 23

What are the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder joint?

Answer 23

Supraspinatus muscle

Infraspinatus muscle

Teres muscles

Question 24

What nerve innervates the supraspinatus muscle?

Answer 24

Suprascapular nerve

Question 25

What nerve innervates the infraspinatus muscle?

Answer 25

Suprascapular nerve

Question 26

Which nerve(s) innervate the Teres muscles?

Answer 26

Subscapular nerve, Axiallary nerve

Question 27

What muscle is this, and which nerve inneravtes it?

Answer 27

Question 28

What are the extrinsic muscles of the shoulder on the anterior side of the trunk?

Answer 28

Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

Question 29

The pectoralis major is innervated by what nerves?

And what innervates the pectoralis minor?

Answer 29

Pectoralis major is innervated by the medial and lateral pectoral nerve

The pectoralis minor is innervated by the lateral pectoral nerve

Question 30

What are the extrinsic muscles of the shoulder on the posterior side of the trunk?

Answer 30

Trapezius

Latissimus dorsi

Levator scapulae and rhomboids

Question 31

What nerves innervate the following:

Trapezius

Latissimus dorsi

Levator scapulae and rhomboids

Answer 31

Trapezius is innervated by the accesory nerve (11th cranial nerve)

Latissimus dorsi is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve

Levator scapulae and rhomboids is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve

Question 32

What is the extrinsic muscle located on medial border of the scapula, and which nerve is it innervated by?

Answer 32

Serratus anterior

Long thoracic nerve

Question 33

Which extrinsic muscle of the should joint has two bellies and allows for supination of the elbow joint, and what nerve is it innervated by?

Answer 33

Biceps brachii

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 34

What are the four muscles of the rotator cuff?

And why is it called a rotator “cuff”?

Answer 34

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapularis

Each muscle has a tendon which come togethet to form a cuff

Question 35

What is this ligament called?

Answer 35

Coracoacromial ligament