Lecture 11 - Evolution of Organisms & Biodiversity of Freshwaters

Question 1

measure diversity via ___ and ___

Answer 1

Species Richness and Evenness

Question 2

Species Richness Measures

Answer 2

total number of species in an area

Question 3

Evenness measures

Answer 3

how many of each species are there

Question 4

alpha diversity compares

Answer 4

within a single habitat (species richness)

Question 5

Beta diversity measures

Answer 5

diversity between multiple sub habitats

Question 6

____ is the ultimate source of biodiversity

Answer 6

Evolution

Question 7

factors of evolution

Answer 7

time and reproductive isolation

Question 8

_____ (young/old) habitats have the greatest diversity because they have many ____ species

Answer 8

old
endemic (native/restricted to a certain place)

Question 9

what are endemic species

Answer 9

species with restricted distribution (only found there)

Question 10

lake tanganyika is ___ years old

Answer 10

10 million

Question 11

what drove evolution/speciation of lake tang

Answer 11

generalist ancestors (had potential to speciate)
random mutation
geographical isolation separated (ex. water levels changing over time)

Question 12

two short term factors that influence distribution of species

Answer 12

habitat and dispersal

Question 13

what area or sub habitat within a lake has the most diversity

Answer 13

interface between pelagic and littoral because species from both sides could be moving through there

Question 14

dispersal definition
- leads to ______ distribution
- reduces ______
- if they disperse they’re likely _______ (generalist/specialist), why?

Answer 14

def - ability of species to reach new habitats
leads to cosmopolitan distribution
reduces endowing
generalists because they have to be able to survive in new habitats