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AGRI 32 | LECTURE | EXAM 3 > Lecture 11: Cropping Systems > Flashcards

Lecture 11: Cropping Systems Flashcards

1
Q

CROPPING SYSTEMS

A
  1. cropping sequences and management techniques
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2
Q

KAINGIN

A
  1. land clearing followed by cutting of vegetation and burning
  2. gives way to planting of crops
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3
Q

FALLOW

A
  1. rest from cropping
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4
Q

FARMING SYSTEMS AND SOIL RESOURCES INSTITUTE

A
  1. institute established in CAFS in the 70’s
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5
Q

TYPES OF CROPPING SYSTEMS

A
  1. monocropping
  2. multiple cropping
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6
Q

MONOCROPPING

A
  1. same crop year after year
  2. e.g. rice, wheat, corn, soybean, cotton
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7
Q

MULTIPLE CROPPING

A
  1. two or more crops in the same piece of land
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8
Q

TYPES OF MULTIPLE CROPPING

A
  1. intercropping
  2. mixed cropping
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9
Q

INTERCROPPING

A
  1. requires spatial arrangement
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10
Q

MIXED CROPPING

A
  1. does not require definite row arrangement
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11
Q

RICE

A
  1. 3M planted to lowland rice
  2. 2M rainfed (idle in dry season)
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12
Q

CORN

A
  1. 3M rainfed
  2. could not support dry-season cropping
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13
Q

RICE-BASED AND CORN-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS

A
  1. sequential
  2. relay cropping
  3. intercropping
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14
Q

SEQUENTIAL

A
  1. two or more crops one after the other
  2. crop rotation
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15
Q

ADVANTAGES OF SEQUENTIAL OVER MONOCROPPING

A
  1. increased yield (60-100% in corn and 100-140% in wheat))
    2.better control of weeds, pests, and diseases
  2. build up of organic matter
  3. balanced utilization of nutrients
  4. better distribution of farm labor
  5. less economic risks
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16
Q

ACTUAL SEQUENTIAL PRACTICES

A
  1. hybrid rice - GM corn (Pangasinan, Tarlac)
  2. rice - onion
  3. rice - watermelon
  4. rice - mungbean
  5. peanut - rice
17
Q

EXUDATES AND LEACHATES

A
  1. secreted by living plant tissues and roots
  2. have selective stimulatory effects
18
Q

CONSTRAINTS OF SEQUENTIAL

A
  1. additional investment cost
  2. life cycle of crops (perennial more amenable to intercropping)
19
Q

RELAY CROPPING

A
  1. two or more crops simultaneously
  2. one crop is planted soon after the other has flowered
  3. e.g. pole sitao and corn
20
Q

INTERCROPPING

A
  1. two or more crops simultaneously
  2. with considerable overlap in growing periods
  3. e.g. corn and upland rice; corn and peanut
21
Q

COCONUT

A
  1. 3M planted (27% of total cropland)
  2. 4M people dependent on the industry
22
Q

SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ON COCONUT INDUSTRY

A
  1. low productivity
  2. low farm gate price
  3. high transport and handling cost
  4. low government support
23
Q

TECHNICAL PROBLEMS IN COCONUT INDUSTRY

A
  1. inefficient land use
  2. inefficient light utilization
24
Q

LIGHT UTILIZATION IN COCONUTS

A
  1. 44% light interception
  2. 56% available to crops
25
Q

PERIODS WITH HIGH AMOUNT OF LIGHT IN COCONUTS

A
  1. first 5 years
  2. after 25 years from planting
26
Q

AGRONOMIC ADVANTAGE OF COCONUT-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS

A
  1. better retention of water
  2. reduced evaporation of water
  3. improved soil fertility
  4. better weed control
  5. provides shade
27
Q

SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF COCONUT-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS

A
  1. source of additional income
  2. increased employment
  3. provide cushion against impact of price fluctuation
28
Q

SUNLIGHT INTENSITY (TOP OF COCONUT CANOPIES)

A
  1. 6600 ft-candles
  2. 300-330 PAR
29
Q

SUNLIGHT INTENSITY (UNDER COCONUT CANOPIES)

A
  1. 1100-2500 ft-candles
  2. 50-119 PAR
30
Q

PAR

A
  1. photosynthetic active radiation
31
Q

SUITABLE INTERCROPS FOR COCONUT (FIELD PLANTING TO 6 YEARS)

A
  1. cereals - corn, upland rice
  2. legumes - peanut, cowpea
  3. root crops - sweet potato, gabi
  4. short-term fruit crops - pineapple, calamansi
  5. vegetable crops - tomato, cabbage
32
Q

SUITABLE INTERCROPS FOR COCONUT (7-25 YEARS)

A
  1. shade tolerant crops - black pepper, cacao, coffee
33
Q

SUITABLE INTERCROPS FOR COCONUT (>26 YEARS)

A
  1. cereals - corn, upland rice
  2. legumes - peanut, cowpea
  3. root crops - sweet potato, gabi
  4. fruit crops - pineapple, calamansi
  5. vegetable crops - tomato, cabbage
  6. plantation crops - cacao, abaca
  7. wood and lumber trees - gmelina, mahogany
34
Q

COCONUT-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS

A
  1. intercropping
  2. double row method
  3. catch cropping
35
Q

ADVANTAGE OF INTEGRATING ANIMALS

A
  1. holistic
  2. provide meat, milk or eggs
  3. provide farmyard manure
  4. help in weed control

AGRI 32 | LECTURE | EXAM 3 (4 decks)

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