Lecture 11 + chapter 10 & 11

Question 1

Psychology was promoted as an academic discipline on the basis of two messages, what are those?

Answer 1

Respectful past: it is a continuation of the old and respectful tradition of mental and moral philosphy

Scientific method: it uses the scientific method, also used in disciplines

Question 2

critical psychology

Answer 2

psychology wrongly treats man as physical objects

Question 3

What are the main critisisms of critical psychology? 3

Answer 3

1 idealism: scientific psychology wrongly believes in realism, while they should believe in idealism

2 social construction: science is not a progressive uncovering of reality, but a social construction in which statements are primarily determined by the language and culture of scientists; they are not fixed truths

3 moral responsibiliy: psychologists should be aware that their theories and research affects reality

Question 4

Dilthey distinguished two kinds of science, what are these?

Answer 4

Natural science: sought to distil universal laws from a limited set of observations, mainly trough experiments

Mental science: aimed at understanding and interpreting the individual person by an analysis of his/her socio-cultural history

Question 5

What are the four elements of Dilthey’s approach?

Answer 5

1. content based: focus on what the mind comprises, not on how the brain functions
2. totality of experience: the subject matter was human experience in its totality
3. context: a person’s life is embedded in a context and could not be studied in isolation
4. understanding: the appropriate method was understanding, not the scientific method

Question 6

pseudoscience

Answer 6

Branch of knowledge that claim to be scientific, but that violates the scientific method on essential aspects

Question 7

Vul’s voodoo correlations

Answer 7

Edward Vul complaint about the small studies in neuroscience. Really high correlations where identified by personality and fmri results. The results where higher then what was possible. So he argued that it could not be true

Question 8

what article should you write according to Bem?

Answer 8

option 2: the paper that makes the most sence once you see the results

Side note: this is exploratory research and shouldn’t been sold as confirmatory research

Question 9

replication crisis (crisis of confidence)

Answer 9

many published finding could not be replicated if studies are rerun.

Question 10

was was the outcome of the Manylabs projects

Answer 10

many ‘sexy’ findings of psychology don’t replicate.

Some did, but then just with way smaller effect sizes

Question 11

Critisisms of open-science

Answer 11

more bureaucracy, and more work for researchers

many of the data are never even downloaded and checked.

it is expensive and thus can create inequality

some approaches may decline (field studies, qualitative research)

Question 12

what happens when you cling to methodological precpets

Answer 12

risk of degrading into methodolatry

Question 13

quantitive mainly rests on …. and qualititative mainly rests on….

Answer 13

positivism and social constructionism

Question 14

The four norms of Merton

Answer 14

Communalism, universalism, disinterestedness, and organized
skepticism